Transcript Pearl Harbor the Homefront PPT

VA/US History
Mrs. Lacks
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Longest continuous military campaign in
WWII (1939 – 1945)
U-boats and other ships of the German navy
against Allied convoys
Convoy: sending warships to guard merchant
ships from getting sunk by submarines
Germans were joined by Italian navy as well in
1940
U-534
U-175
Torpedo from German U-boat sinks British passenger ship
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FDR made the decision in July 1941 for US
war ships to convoy merchant ships in the
North Atlantic
This meant a risk of war with Germany
AREA OF GREATEST DANGER FOR ALLIED
MERCHANT SHIPS
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June 1941 – July 1943
After Germany overran France, most of
Europe, and pounded Britain from the air (the
Battle of Britain), in mid-1941, Hitler turned
on his former partner and invaded the Soviet
Union
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The name for the 1941 German assault on the
USSR
The largest land battles in history
German’s were surprised at new Soviet
technology
KVI and T34 Russian tanks were superior to
German panzers
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TANKS
PLANES
ARTILLERY
GERMANY
MODERN
USSR
T34 RUSSIAN MEDIUM TANK
SUPERIOR TO
ANY GERMAN
TANK AT THE
TIME, 1941
THE GERMANS WERE SHOCKED WHEN
IN JUNE OF 1941 THEY CAME UP
AGAINST RUSSIAN T34 TANKS.
GERMAN SHELLS BOUNCED OFF AND
IT WAS EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TO
DESTROY A T34. UNFORTUNATELY
THE RUSSIANS HAD ONLY A FEW AND
BY THE TIME THEY CAME INTO FULL
PRODUCTION THE GERMANS HAD
TANKS AND WEAPONS CAPEABLE OF
DESTROYING THEM.
Operation
Barbarossa was
a three pronged
invasion of the
Soviet Union.
The goal was to
seize all of the
USSR up to the
Ural Mountains
including the
major cities of
Odessa, Kiev,
Moscow,
Leningrad and
Stalingrad.
RUSSIAN MIXED TANK AND SKI INFANTRY TEAM ADVANCE ON
GERMAN POSITIONS.
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in southwestern Russia
took place between 17 July 1942 and 2
February 1943
often cited as one of the turning points of the
war and among the bloodiest in the history of
warfare
combined casualties coming to nearly two
million
THE BATTLE OF
STALINGRAD:
THE GERMANS HAD
SEVERE PROBLEMS
CAPTURING THE CITY OF
STALINGRAD. IT WAS A
GRITTY, DEADLY BATTLE
WHERE HUNDREDS OF
THOUSANDS OF
SOLDIERS ON BOTH SIDES
WERE KILLED.
FIGHTING IN THE RUINS OF STALINGRAD.
German soldiers, not used to the harsh
weather, froze
STALINGRAD: A CITY IN RUINS
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While the Germans were engaged in vicious fighting inside
Stalingrad the Russians prepared a counterattack named
Operation Uranus
They succeeded in surrounding the German 6th army
Arrow one shows the ultimate goal of the Russian attack:
to cut off the German armies fighting in the Caucasus
mountains.
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The Germans are stopped
Soviets captured over 300,000 German
soldiers at Stalingrad
Some German armies in the Caucasus
mountains escaped and attempted to get
back to Germany
The end at Stalingrad:
German prisoners, only
5,000 of the 250,000
captured returned after
the war
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In the spring and summer of 1943, Hitler
decided to try again to defeat the Soviets
This led to the Battle of Kursk, the greatest
tank battle in world history
HEAVY TIGER TANK
PANTHER TANK, OFTEN
CALLED THE BEST TANK OF
WW II
FERDINAND, HEAVY ASSAULT GUN
THE GERMANS
USED NEW
ARMORED
VEHICLES FOR
THEIR KURSK
OFFENSIVE
THE GERMANS SUFFERED HEAVY LOSSES AT THE
HANDS OF THE SOVIETS AND THEY COULD NOT
RECOVER
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ARTILLERY
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GERMAN
MEN
NUMBER OF LOST TANKS, ARTILLERY, AND MEN
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Germany finally lost on the Eastern Front and
left the Soviet Union
Hitler would soon have to fight a battle on
both fronts (Western & Eastern)
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Japan, wanting to expand its empire in the
Pacific, and knock out other imperialists,
launched a surprise attack on the US, “the
sleeping giant” on December 7, 1941
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Japanese planes dropped bombs and gunned
down soldiers and civilians on Pearl Harbor, a
US naval base in Hawaii, and home of the
Pacific fleet
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Called Operation Z by the Japanese, the US
was caught unprepared and incredible
damage was done
PM Hideki Tojo
Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto
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US losses
 2,402 people killed
 1,282 people wounded
 Four battleships were sunk (two of which were raised and
returned to service later in the war)
 all of the four other battleships present were damaged
 three cruisers, three destroyers, an anti-aircraft training
ship and one minelayer sank or damaged
 188 U.S. aircraft destroyed
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Japanese losses
 29 aircraft
 five midget submarines
 65 servicemen killed or wounded
Nakajima B5N2 "Kate" torpedo bomber
Mitsubishi A6M2 "Zero" fighter airplane
USS Arizona bombed
USS Shaw exploding
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The attack on Pearl Harbor triggered the
isolationist US to enter WWII
FDR asked Congress to declare war on “the
empire of Japan” on December 8, 1941
FDR’s speech after Pearl Harbor,
“A Day that will live in infamy…”
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While GIs were fighting in the Pacific, and
then in Europe, civilians at home in the US
were doing their part to help the war effort
G.I. Government
Issue
EVERYONE CONTRIBUTED TO THE WAR EFFORT
RUMMAGE SALE
WAR BONDS
DONATING TYPEWRITERS
RATIONING
SUGAR LINE
GASOLINE LINE
TO LEARN
HOW TO
USE
RATIONING
STAMPS,
THESE
SCHOOL
CHILDREN
SET UP A
BOOTH
WITH
CHARTS
AND
PRODUCTS
TO FIGURE
OUT HOW
TO BUY
NEEDED
GOODS
DURING
THE WAR
The public school children of the South-Central District of
Chicago purchased $263,148. 83 in war bonds and
stamps...a huge check representing enough money for
125 jeeps, two pursuit planes and motorcycle.
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Women served as nurses and clerical workers
Took the jobs of men when they went to war
Women played an important role in the war effort on the
homefront
Betty Grable: Allied Pinup Girl
She Reminded Men What They Were Fighting For
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The Andrews
Sisters
https://www.youtub
e.com/watch?v=qaf
nJ6mRbgk
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Tuskegee Airmen
 First all black combat fighter unit that developed
a reputation for never losing a bomber to enemy
fighter planes
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Japanese-Americans
 The 442nd infantry unit
 Most highly decorated unit in the military
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Navajo Code Talkers
 helped maintain security by transmitting orders in
a Navajo code that the Japanese were unable to
break
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More than 110,000
Japanese Americans
were interned or put
in camps in the US
during WWII
Done to prevent
sabotage and
espionage by
Japanese Americans
living on the west
coast
JAPANESE
AMERICAN
GIRL WAITS
WITH HER
FAMILY’S
BELONGINGS
TO BE
EVACUATED
TO AN
INTERNMENT
CAMP
JAPANESE INTERNMENT CAMPS
CANAL CAMP, AZ
CRYSTAL CREEK, TX
MANZANAR, CA
GILA, AZ
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Los Angeles (1943)
Wartime rationing
regulations effectively
banned zoot suits because
they used so much fabric, so
a combination of patriotism
and racism led white soldiers
to label Mexican-American
wearers of the zoot suit as
unpatriotic
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In June 1943, provoked by
stories that Mexican Americans
had beaten up a group of
Caucasian sailors, servicemen
on leave began to attack
various Mexican-American
neighborhoods in Los Angeles.
These anti-Mexican riots
usually included the forced
removal of the zoot suits