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代 词 代词的分类 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 不定代词 指示代词 疑问代词 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清 人称代词 分类 第二人称 宾格 形容词性 名词性 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself they them their theirs themselves 主语 宾语、表语 定语 单数 第三人称 复数 作用 反身代词 主格 人称、作用 第一人称 物主代词 主语、表语、 宾语、表语、 宾语 同位语 一：人称代词 1.人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时用宾格 * They all like him very much. 他们都很喜欢他。 * She gave the books to you and me. 这些书是她送给你和我的。 2.人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 * Who’s knocking at the door? –It’s me. 谁敲门？-是我。 3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 单数形式：（二、三、一）即：you/ he/ I 复数形式：（一、二、三）即；we/ you/ they * You, she and I all enjoy the music. 你她和我都喜欢音乐。 * We, you and they all love our country. 4.she可以用来代表国家、船只或车辆、大地、月 亮等 * We love our motherland, we hope she’ll be stronger and bigger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她更强大。 * The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to England. 轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去英国。 5.it作为人称代词时，可以表示天气、距离、 时间、环境等 * – What’ the weather like today? – It’s windy. 今天的天气怎么样？- 有风。 * It’s about five minutes’ walk from home to school. 从家到学校的路程大约5分钟。 6.it可作为形式主语、将不定式、动名词等构成的 主语后移，使句子显得平稳 * It’s hard to reach the apples. 很难够到苹果。 * It’s good for you taking a walk after supper. 对你来说饭后散步是有好处的。 二：物主代词 1.形容词性物主代词在句子中做定语修饰名词， 一般不单独使用。在句中只能作定语 * My brother is a worker. 我弟弟是个工人。 * His parents are very friendly. 他的父母非常友善。 2.名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词 重复，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。 eg: This is my dictionary. Where is yours? 名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、表语和宾语 * – Whose book is this? – It’s mine. 这书是谁的？ - 我的。 * Our room is big and theirs is small. 我们的房间大，他们的房间小。 * You may use my pen. I’ll use hers. 你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。 3.形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词 * These books aren't ours. Ours are new. (our books = ours) * This is not our room. Ours is over there. (our room = ours) 4.名词性物主代词可用在of后面做定语，相当 于“ of +名词所有格”， 表示所属表示带有部 分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 eg: He is a friend of mine. * A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一个妹妹是个护士。 * Tom is a friend of mine 汤姆是我的一个朋友 三、反身代词的用法 定义：反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、 第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称 代词宾格，单数加词尾self、复数加词尾 selves 构成。 在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的 宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语。 （一）作动词的宾语 反身代词可以与enjoy, hurt, teach, look after等词连用，表明动作的承受者就是主语本身。 1. enjoy oneself = have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night? 2. help oneself (to sth.) 随便吃点什么，后 面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人 的用语。 Help yourselves to some fruit. 3. hurt oneself 伤着自己 She didn’t hurt herself. 4. teach oneself = learn by oneself自学 Did you teach yourself English ? = Did you learn English by yourself? 5. look after oneself 照顾自己 I can look after myself well. 6.say to oneself自言自语 Mary said to herself, “ What shall I do?” 7.come to oneself苏醒 Soon the boy came to herself. 8.make oneself + 过去分词，使自己被别人… She did her best to make herself understood. 9.lose oneself in 沉浸于……陶醉于…… They both lost themselves in the beautiful music. （二） 反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语 1. by oneself = alone自己做 She has done her homework by herself. 2. for oneself为自己 She made the skirt for herself. 3. of oneself自然而然的、自动的 The door opened of itself. 4. among themselves在他们中间 They are discussing the matter among themselves. （三）作表语 反身代词可与be动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种 感觉、情绪或状态。 The little boy was myself. （四）用作主语或宾语的同位语，往往用来加强名词 或代词的语气，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后 或句子末尾。 1.作主语的同位语 He himself wrote the words and music of the songs. 2.作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter to your brother himself. 代 词(二) 四、指示代词this/ that/ these/ those 单数 复数 this these 用法1 近指 用法2 指下文将要提及的事 that 远指 指前面刚提过的事 those 指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括: this/that (单数) these/those (复数) 1. this, these指在方位上较近的人或物 that, those指在方位上较远的人或物 *This is my shirt, that’s yours. *These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan. 2.that,those常指前面提过的东西,以免重复 *These boxes are heavier than those on the desk. 3.刚才提到的事情，在英文中用that *He was ill yesterday. I’m sorry to hear that. 【辨析】one, it, that it 常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指可数 名词或者不可数名词，one泛指上下文提及的同类 事物中的一份子，用于代替可数名词，that常用 在比较等级中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重 复。 The book is mine. It is very interesting. I have some apples. You can have one. The weather of Zhengzhou is much wetter than that of Shanghai. 五、不定代词 不指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词 ★ all, each, every, both, either, neither , none, one, little, few, many, much , other, another, some, any, no ★ 由some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词 指物 指人 everything everyone， everybody something someone， somebody anything anyone，anybody nothing no one, nobody 几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.some/any ★ some 常用于肯定句中， There are some flowers in front of the house.当说话者期望 得到对方的肯定回答或表示请求建议时，可以用 在疑问句中. ----Would you like some bread? ----Yes, please. May I ask you some questions? Will you give me some water? ★ any常用于否定句和疑问句中，当any表示“任 何……”时，可用于肯定句。 Do you have any pictures? There aren’t any students in the classroom. 2. many/much ★ many 修饰或指代复数可数名词 * There are many eggs in the basket. * Many of us like playing games. ★ much 修饰或指代不可数名词 * He doesn’t know much English. 3.another/other ★ another 泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个 * I don’t want this apple. Please show me another. ★ other 后面接名词，泛指别的、其他的 * Do you have any other questions? 4. the other/others/the others ★ the other 1. 特指两个中的另一个“one…the other” * He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor. 2. 修饰名词，特指另一个、另一些 * Tom likes swimming, and the other boys in his class like swimming, too. ★others泛指其他的人或物 * He often helps others. * Some are playing basketball, others are playing football. ★the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物。 * There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys. 图解other系列不定代词 one（一个） the other（另一个） one（一个） another（其余的任一个） one（一个） the others（其余的全部） some（一些） some（一些） others（其余的一部分） the others（其余的全部） 5.few/a few/little/a little ★ few/a few 修饰可数名词 little/a little 修饰不可数名词 ★ few, little 表示否定意义,译为“没有几个”,“没 有多少” a few, a little 表示肯定意义, 译为“有几个”， “有一点” * There are few people living here. 这里几乎没人住。 * There are a few students in the classroom. 教室里有一些学生。 * I know little English. 我不懂英语。 * There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有些牛奶。 ★ few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定 冠词 a * There are quite a few new books in the library. 图书馆里颇有些新书。 6.every/each ★ every＋单数名词,表示“每一个”,强调共性、 整体,只作定语,形式上为单数.不与of 连用 *Every child likes playing games. ★ each 表示“每一个”,强调个性,作定语主语、 宾语和同位语,常与of 连用 *Each student was asked to try again. *Each of them has a new book. 7.all/none ★ all “(全部)都”,表示三者或三者以上，作同位 语时,一般放在连系动词、助动词之后,行为动词 之前 * We are all from China. They all like English. ★ none “没有”,表示三者或三者以上都不,后常跟 介词of（谓语动词单、复数均可） * None of us is/are afraid of dogs. 8.both/either/neither ★ both “（两者）都”,作主语时看作复数;作定语 时后跟名词复数 * My parents are both teachers. =Both of my parents are teachers. ★ neither “(两者)都不”,含有否定意义,作主语时 谓语用第三人称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数. * Neither answer is right. ★ either “两者中任何一个”,作主语时谓语用第三人 称单数; 作定语时后跟名词单数. * There are trees on either side of the street. = There are trees on both sides of the street. ★有关词组及应用 1. both of/either of/neither of * Both of them swim well. 他们俩都游得很好。 * Either of you goes to Beijing. 你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。 * Neither of them stopped to have a rest. 他们俩谁都不停下来休息。 2.both…and（谓语动词用复数形式） either…or/neither…nor(谓语动词遵循就近原则) * Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。 * Either my father or my mother cooks at home. 或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。 * Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。 9.something/anything/nothing/Somebody/anybody/ nobody 1. 这些词一般没有词形变化,但以-one或-body结尾的词能带所 有格词尾。如：Everyone’s life was in danger. 2. 这些词修饰形容词或者副词时,形容词或者副词都需要后置。 3. 这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 4. 在反意疑问句中,当陈述部分的主语是everybody, someone等 指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用they,也可以用he; 若陈述部分的主语是anything, nothing等指物的复合代词时,疑 问部分的主语用it。如： Everyone knows this, doesn’t he/ don’t they? Everything seems all right, doesn’t it ? 六、疑问代词 疑问代词在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句常见的有: who/ whom/ whose/ what/ which 通常做主语\宾 语\定语\表语 * * * * 主格 宾格 所有格 指人 who whom whose 指人或物 which / / What makes you think like that ? \做主语\ Who(Whom) were you talking with? \做宾语\ Which bus do I need? \做定语\ What’s your father? \做表语\ 注意： 1. who，whom都表示“谁”，作主语时用who,作宾 语时用whom,在口语中,Who和Whom通用, 但当疑问 词作介词宾语时，且介词又置于句首时，只能用 whom。 *With whom did he play games? * With who did he play games?(错) 2. which, what在特殊疑问句作定语时，后面必须紧 跟一个名词。What class are you in? 3.疑问词做主语时，疑问句语序用陈述句语序。 *Who is your English teacher?