Tax Law I Revision [738,5 KiB]
Download
Report
Transcript Tax Law I Revision [738,5 KiB]
English I
REVISION
(PART I – FROM ENGLISH FOR LAWYERS)
What Is Meant by Law?
Why is it difficult to define the term law?
The most common definition of law in English legal
theory (the elements: conduct, a state, the courts)
The social purpose of the law
Vocabulary revision
Rules to which actions conform
Rules of conduct
To avenge violation
To establish social order
Translation
A norm is a law if its infraction is regularly met, in
threat or in fact, by the application of physical force
by an individual or group possessing the socially
recognised privilege of so acting.
Sources and Varieties of English Law
The rules of equity
Common law
Public and private law (criminal and civil law)
Vocabulary revision
Rules of equity
Common law
Judicial precedents
Civil and criminal law
Translation
Further differences derive from the fact that English
common law is a native product of Britain and has
absorbed only a few rules of Roman law.
Statute Law in Britain
Parliament (the House of Commons and the House
of Lords)
The procedure of making statutes
Public and private acts
Vocabulary revision
Statute law
Legislature
Adjudication
Public acts
Repeal
Translation
If a new statute alters the effect of some older statute
already in the book, the new statute must clearly
include a repeal of whatever in the old one is
inconsistent with the intentions of the new.
The Legal Profession in England
How to become a solicitor
The solicitor’s job
How to become a barrister
The barrister’s job
Complex cases – the co-operation between a solicitor
and a barrister
Vocabulary revision
To serve articles
Conveyancing
Inns of the Court
Pupillage in chambers
The right of audience in court
Translation
A barrister intending to practice must choose in
which part of the law he or she intends to specialize.
A portion of their work includes th drafting of
opinions on difficult points of law, the settling of
pleadings, and advice on evidence and procedural
matters.
Legal Aid
What is Legal Aid?
Who can obtain legal aid free of charge?
The Legal Advice and Assistance Act of 1972
Access to Justice Act of 1999
Legal aid in civil matters
Legal aid in criminal matters
Vocabulary revision
People of limited means
Civil case and criminal charge
The Legal Advice and Assistance Act
Litigation
Supplementary Benefit
Legal advice centre
Translation
It was not until the Legal Advice and Assistance Act
of 1972 that the services of a solicitor were similarly
obtainable for work not necessarily involving
litigation.
From the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia
Unitary state, democratic state, social state
What can the Croatian Sabor and people decide on?
The highest values of the constitutional order of the
Republic of Croatia
Vocabulary revision
Power derives from the people
Inalianeable sovereignty
Inviolability of ownership
Separation of powers
Laws conform with the Constitution
The Significance of a Constitution
What is a constitution?
What does a constitution establish?
What does a constitution legitimize?
Translation
As the supreme legal act, a constitution establishes
the basis for relations between citizens and
governmental bodies and all those who are vested
with public authority.
The Nature and Sources of American Federalism
The Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan
The definition of American federalism
National powers
State powers
Concurrent powers
Vocabulary revision
Framers of the Constitution
Threefold distinction
Civil war
Allocation of powers
Concurrent powers
To levy taxes
Translation
The Constitution expressly gives to the national
government such important powers as levying taxes,
but it makes no effort to prohibit the states from also
exercising such authority within their own borders.
Thank you for your attention!