Transcript 议论文

议论文
一、文体解读
议论文是用来论述某个道理、阐明某种观点的一种文体。
它通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非来表达作者的见解和主张。议
论文可分为许多种类，但中学英语书面表达所要求的议论文是
一种限定的写作，其论点、论据和论证都比较明确。有的文章
提出问题，如：……为什么？……怎么办？……该采取什么措
施？考生可以结合问题要求，阐述相关的观点，切忌随意发挥。
近几年的高考书面表达中，其主要命题形式是以表格式和提纲
式来呈现写作材料的。写作时应注意以下几个方面：
1．文章直接阐述事物的道理，明确表露作者的思想
观点。
2．表达方式以议论为主，辅之以说明、叙述等方式。
议论文中的记叙和描写是为论点提供根据的。因此，记叙
应该是概括的，描写应该是简要的。
3．内容重在说理，坚持摆事实、讲道理。
4．议论文主要包括三个要素：论点、论据和论证方
法。论点是指需要证实的问题；论证是指阐述道理以理服
人；论据就是用于论证的具有说服力的事实和证据。论点
解决“证明什么”，论据解决“用什么来证明”，论证解决“怎
样证明”。
5．观点正确，论据充分，语言精练，论证合理，有
严密的逻辑性。
6．语言应该简练、准确；尽可能避免使用口语，多
用书面语。
二、写作范句必备
1．Recently, traffic jam has become the focus of society.
近来，交通堵塞已经成为社会焦点。
2．Telecommunication has been playing an increasingly
important role in our daily life.
无线通讯在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用。
3．Nowadays, more and more people are beginning to be
aware of the seriousness of food security.
现在，越来越多的人开始对于食品安全的严重性有了认识。
4．In recent years, there is a general tendency towards
teenagers studying abroad in big cities.
近几年来，在大城市有一个普遍的趋势，即青少年出
国留学。
5．According to a recent survey, more and more
students are doing parttime jobs.
根据最近的调查结果表明越来越多的学生在做兼职。
6．No one can deny that, as an actor, Andy Liu is
diligent.
谁都不能否认，作为一名演员，刘德华是勤勉的。
7．There is no doubt that nearsightedness is a
serious problem among the youth of our country.
毫无疑问近视在我国的年轻人中是一个严重的问题。
8．Superior as the highway is, it has its own
disadvantages.
尽管高速公路有很多的优势，它也有许多弊端。
9．Some people suggest the cultural relics should be
open to the public free of charge. Others, however, hold the
opposite opinion.
一些人建议文化遗产应该免费向公众开放。而另外一
些人则持相反的观点。
10．On the one hand, people tend to feel disgusted at
the way marketers promote their products; on the other
hand, they are on the lookout for bargains.
一方面，人们对厂商促销产品的方式感到厌恶。另一
方面，他们又在四处寻找便宜货。
(2012·浙江高考)你校正在进行“英语读书周”活动。
该活动要求学生摘录名言佳句 (quote) 并相互交流。以下
是某同学摘录的句子：“Your future depends on many
things, but mostly on you”。请按下列要求用英语写一篇
100～120个词的短文：
1．针对摘录句中的观点谈谈你的看法；
2．举例说明理由。
注意：短文的开头已给出(不计入总词数)。
In the English Reading Week, one of my classmates
recommended a quote to us, which goes like this：“Your
future depends on many things, but mostly on you.”_____
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
第一步：列好提纲，不漏要点
讲述英语读书周活动的内容；
1． ___________________________
讲述对该名言的看法；
2． ____________________
用事例进一步阐释，并说明理由。
3． _________________
____________
第二步：翻译句子，营造亮点
1．的确，我们的未来由许多因素决定，诸如机遇和
别人的帮助，但我们自己的态度、决心和努力工作起着更
重要的作用。
Everyone knows that our future is determined by
① ___________________________________________
many factors, such as opportunities and help from
__________________________________________________
others, but it is our own attitude, determination and
__________________________________________________
hard work that play a more important role.
_______________________________________(并列句)
It‘s true that our future is determined by many
② __________________________________________
things, such as opportunities and help from others, but
_________________________________________________
our own attitude, determination and hard work play a
_________________________________________________
more important role.
____________________(并列句)
2．因此，我坚信我们的未来在我们自己的手中。
So I firmly hold the idea that it is our own hands
① ___________________________________________
that determine our future.
(宾语从句)
Therefore, I firmly believe that our future is in our
② ___________________________________________
own hands.
(宾语从句)
第三步：做好衔接，连句成文
In the English Reading Week, one of my classmates
recommended a quote to us, which goes like this：“Your
I can‘t
future depends on many things, but mostly on you.” ______
agree
more with this view. It‘s true that our future is
__________________________________________________
determined
by many things, such as opportunities and help
__________________________________________________
from
others, but our own attitude, determination and hard
__________________________________________________
work
play a more important role. In other words, we are the
__________________________________________________
master
of our own future.
_______________________
Take Abraham Lincoln for example, he was born in a
poor family, and only received a limited education in his
childhood. Yet through his painstaking efforts, he changed
not only his own fate but also the history of America. Even
to this day, Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring
figures in the world. Therefore, I firmly believe that our
future is in our own hands.
(2013·西北师大附中模拟)目前，越来越多的中学生利
用周末上各种各样的培训班或请家教。对于这一现象，存
在两种不同观点：
有些人认为有必要
另一些人认为没有必要
1.有老师辅导比自己学好； 1.容易养成依赖习惯；
2.有更多机会和老师互动； 2.学生需要时间休息和娱乐；
3.可以弥补上课错过或没听 3.导致有的学生在常规课堂上不
懂的东西
认真听讲
请根据以上提示，以“Are Training Classes or Tutors
Necessary？”为题，写一篇120词左右的短文，反映表中内
容，并简要阐述自己的观点。文章开头已给出，不计入总
词数。
要求：层次清晰，连贯流畅；表达灵活，不要逐字逐
句翻译。
参考词汇：家庭教师tutor
Are Training Classes or Tutors Necessary?
Nowadays, more and more students attend different
kinds of training classes or hire tutors to improve their
grades at the weekends.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
参考范文：
Are Training Classes or Tutors Necessary?
Nowadays, more and more students attend different kinds
of training classes or hire tutors to improve their grades at the
weekends.
Some think it necessary to do so. Firstly, it's more effective
to study with a teacher's help than by themselves. Secondly, you
can have more chances to communicate with teachers (there are
more interaction between students and teachers.). Besides, you
can make up for what you miss or fail to understand in classes
on weekdays.
Others think it unnecessary. For one thing, students can
easily form the habit of dependence. For another, students
need time for rest and recreation at weekends. What's worse,
attending training classes or hiring tutors even causes some
students not to listen attentively in their regular classes.
In my opinion, whether a training class or tutor is
needed just depends. If you are really very weak at or
interested in a certain subject, maybe it's OK for you. But be
sure to choose a good and suitable class or teacher, otherwise
it would be a waste of time and money.
高级表达：
There are more and more tall buildings in big cities,
________________________________________________
with
their prices going up day by day. On one hand, there are
____________________________________________________
still
lots of people having no houses to live in. On the other
____________________________________________________
hand,
many apartments are hard to be sold out. Even if you
____________________________________________________
have
bought an apartment, I'm afraid you have to try to pay
____________________________________________________
off
the money you borrow from the bank, working hard day
____________________________________________________
and
night all your life. I do hope our government can take
____________________________________________________
strong
measures to solve the housing problem, showing great
____________________________________________________
concern
for the people whose incomes are not high enough.
___________________________________________________