Transcript Plant Propagation PPT

Plant Propagation
Essential Standard 4.00: Examine factors relating
to plant growth and development.
Objective 4.02
• Use sexual and asexual methods of propagation.
Propagation
• The multiplication of a kind or species.
• Reproduction of a species.
Sexual Propagation
• Propagation from seeds.
• Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma.
• Fertilization occurs and seeds are produced.
Germination Rates
• Percent of seeds that sprout
– 75 out of 100=75%
• Rate is affected by seed viability,
temperature and moisture.
• Rates vary depending on plant and quality
of seed.
Seeds
• Plant depth depends on the size of seeds
– larger seeds are planted deeper
– water small seeds from bottom by soaking
Embryo
Seed Coat
Endosperm
Seedlings (small plants)
• Transplant when first true leaves appear
– Reduce humidity and water and make environment more like
outside to “harden off” plants
– The first sets of leaves are called cotyledons.
• Monocots produce one seed leaf.
• Dicots produce two seed leaves.
• True leaves are the second set of leaves
Seeds to Seedlings
Advantages of Sexual Reproduction
• Fast way to get many plants
• Easy to do
• Economical
Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction
• Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce true to
parents
• Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds
Examples of plants started by seed
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Marigold
Impatiens
Begonia
Coleus
Salvia,
Shasta daisy
Pansy
Asexual Reproduction
• Uses growing plant parts other than seeds
• Types of asexual reproduction:
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cuttings
layering
division or separation
budding
grafting
tissue culture
Rooting from Cuttings
• Rooting media should be about 4 inches
deep
• Best time of day is early mornings because
plants have more moisture
• Types of cuttings:
– stem
– leaf
– root
Stem Cuttings
• Using a small piece of stem to reproduce
plants
• using hormones and dipping in fungicides
help speed up rooting
Leaf cuttings
• Using small pieces of leaves to reproduce new plants
• from herbaceous plants
• vein must be cut
Stem Cuttings-Step 1
Gather all materials needed
Stem Cuttings-Step 2
Cut 3 to 4 inch shoot from
stem tip
Stem Cuttings-Step 3
Remove lower leaves from the
shoot
Stem Cuttings-Step 4
Dip cut surface in rooting
hormone
Stem Cuttings-Step 5
Thoroughly moisten rooting
medium
Stem Cuttings-Step 6
Stick one or more cuttings in
rooting media
Stem Cuttings-Step 7
Cover with plastic wrap or place on
a mist bench in a warm area away
from direct sunlight.
Stem Cuttings-Step 8
Once rooted, cuttings can be
separated carefully and
transplanted
Root Cuttings
• Using small pieces of roots to reproduce plants
• should be three inches apart in rooting area
Layering
• Scarring a small area of stem to produce new plants
– air layering
– trench layering
– mound layering
Trench Layering
Division or Separation
• Cutting or pulling apart plant structures for
reproduction
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bulbs
corms
rhizomes
tubers
runners
stolons
suckers
Bulbs
Grafting
• Joining separate plant parts together so
that they form a union and grow together to
make one plant.
Wedge
Graft
Approach
Graft
Grafting Terms
• Scion-the piece of plant at the top of the graft
• Rootstock-the piece of the plant at the root or bottom of the
graft
Methods of Grafting
• If the scion and rootstock are the same size
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wedge
splice
whip and tongue
approach
Methods of Grafting
• If the scion is smaller than the rootstock
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cleft
side
notch
bark inlay
Budding
• A form of grafting when a bud is used
– patch budding
– T-budding
– Chip Budding
Chip
Budding
How to perform T-budding
Step 2
Step 4
Step 1
Step 3
Tissue Culture
• Using a small amount of plant tissue to grow in a sterile
environment
• The most plants in a short time
• True to parent plant
Advantages of Asexual Production
• Plants mature in a shorter time
• Budding is faster than grafting
• In trench layering, a plant forms at each node on a covered
stem
• Some plants do not produce viable seed
• New plants are the same as the parent plant
Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction
• Some require special equipment and skills, such as
grafting
• Cuttings detach plant parts from water and nutrient source
• Some plants are patented making propagation illegal
The Uses of Biotechnology in
Horticulture
What is Biotechnology?
• The use of cells or components (parts) of
cells to produce products or processes
Methods
• Tissue culture or micropropagation
• Cloning
• Genetic Engineering
Tissue Culture
• Uses terminal shoots or leaf buds in a
sterile or aseptic environment on agar gel
or other nutrient-growing media to produce
thousands of identical plants
Cloning
• Genetically generating offspring from non-sexual tissue
Genetic Engineering
• Movement of genetic information in the
form of genes from one cell to another cell
to modify or change the genetic make-up
Benefits of Biotechnology
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Produce many identical plants in a short time
Increase disease and insect resistance
Increase tolerance to heat and cold
Increase weed tolerance
Benefits of Biotechnology
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Increase tolerance to drought
Improve environment
Increase production
Other genetic changes
Review Assignment
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