Transcript ppt

•Mach-Cones & Hydrodynamic Flow v1, v2:
probing Big Bang Matter in the Laboratory
Horst Stöcker, FIAS Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, Goethe University
1 Hot Matter and High Density
2 Hydrodynamic Flow : Barometer for Big Bang matter
3 Bounce- Off = v1, Squeeze- Out = v2: sensitive to EoS
Phase Transition at T=160 MeV, mu~300MeV
Measure v1& v2 Excitation fcts. @ Hi-Mu-RHIC, FAIR
4 Mach-Cones from Di-Jet- 3-body correls + 3-dim hydro
Viscosity & Radial Flow do not kill Mach-Shockwaves
Phase transition: small Cs, Large Mach angles!
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
1
•Reminder: Shock Waves & Mach Cones
in cold nuclei cs~.2 in C (2.1 AGeV) + Ag => a
Mach Shock Waves + Cones - started in 1
H. Stoecker, Hofmann, Scheid, Greiner,
Bear Mountain Works. BNL 1974 T.D. Lee
Baumgardt, Schott, Sakamoto, Schopper,
H.Stöcker,Hofmann, Scheid, Greiner,
Z. Phys. A273 (1975) 359
Hofmann, H. Stoecker, Heinz, Scheid, Greiner
PRL 36, 88 (1976)
vMach s .w .
 2  arccos
v Head s .w .
v Head s .w .  0 .95 c (Elab = 2.1 AGeV )
vMach s .w .  3 c s  0.57 c (K=300 MeV )


0
.
9
3
r
a
d

5
3

2
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Time-Evolution UrQMD L.Bravina
Time t
evolution
in
T-m Plane
Ecrit
4+4 2+2
2Ecm=18
mucrit
FK
UrQMD:
thermal
t>5 fm/c!
?
BiS
1. Order phase transition
RHIC
early
pressure
P = nT
highest!
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Fluid dynamics:
pressure gradients
cause flow !
=> Baryon Flow as
Barometer:
Bounce-Off
=v1= px/pt
high pressure
causes baryon flow
v1,v2
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Bounce-Off: 3D-Hydrodynamics
Ne
U
H.Stöcker, Maruhn, Greiner, PRL 44 (1980) 725
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Directed Flow
Bevalac
Non-zero flow angle distribution
Plastic Ball, PRL 52, 1590 (84)
pyy
pxx
qs
pz
z
(Beam)
Reaction plane
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Hydrodynamics,
NO Phase
Transition
protonsv1=px/pt
rises linearly
Brachmann,
Paech, Dumitru
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Hydrodynamics
mu > mu-crit:
1.order transition
Negative v1-flow
=
Anti-Flow of
protons at > 11 AGeV
It is in the protons.
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Proton “Anti-Flow” observed in Pb+Pb@ 40AGeV by NA49:
Preliminary
A. Wetzler
v1  0
“Anti-Flow” discovered! => 1. Order Phase Transition ?
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•v1-proton 3DHydro: PROTON-AntiFlow AGS, FAIR, RHIC
Extrapolated Data: Anti-Flow @ 30 AGeV: Hi-Mu-RHIC!
Paech, Dumitru
v1-sign change TWICE proves
1. Order & 2. Order at mu-crit
Hi-mu RHIC data
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Squeeze-Out
Elliptic Flow v2 Elliptic Flow
Squeeze-Out => v2 = (px**2 - py**2) / pt**2
v2=(px^2+py^2)
/pt^2
=> Baryon Flow
is our Barometer
Pressure ->
baryon‘s v1,v2
Bounce-Off
=v1= px/pt
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Fourier Analysis
•
dN/d F ~ 1+2v1*cos F + 2v2*cos2 F

•
•
•
•
F w.r.t. reaction plane
v1 = < cosF >
v2 = < cos2F >
v2 < 0 Squeeze-out, v2 >0 In-plane
v corrected for dispersion
- Poskanzer & Voloshin, Ollitrault
pyy
pxx
qs
Yield
•Azimuthal Distributions
Back
y
Forward
pz
z
(Beam)
Reaction plane
Angle relative to reaction plane
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Relativ. Heavy Ion Collisions
FOPI-Dat
GSI
Proton Elliptic
Flow: v2
is a barometer!
FOPI-data/IQMD:
probes EOS !
Negative v2
at SIS & AGS:
FOPI-Da
GSI
Squeeze Out!
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Close to Phase Transition at lower energies:
Huge Fluctuations in Energy-(Baryon-) Density
De << 1
De ~ 1 Paech, Dumitru, HST
e
e
Critical Point
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
1st order phase transition
04.08.2016
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1. Order P.T.: Fluctuations drop V2
Paech, Dumitru, H.ST.
AGS
v2
v2 (pt )  c  pt
 v 2  pt
SPS
RHIC
Hi-mu RHIC!
De/e Inhomogeneities!
E877 NA49
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
STAR
22
NA49 PRC C68 034903 (2003)
Proton Elliptic flow Collapses at 40 AGeV
Wetzler, NA49 data: Collapse of proton flow at 40AGeV?
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Excitation Function of Elliptic Flow Protons ?
Flow - Excitation
function over 6
orders of magnitude
in Elab
UrQMD
- Sign of v2 changes
AGS
- Collapse of Flow at
40 AGeV ?
<- Data
<-UrQMD
Min.bias
- onset of
deconfinement ?
- First order phase
transition ?
RHIC
SPS
Protons
GSI LBL
Central
- Hi-mu RHIC: E=3+3
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•v2 Excitation Function
Rich Flow Structure
Transition from
in-plane flow to
out-of-plane flow
-> Squeeze-Out
and back to
in-plane emission
Geometry & Dynamics:
change in pressure
-> BAROMETRY
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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STAR: Partonic Flow – Coalescence - Perfect Scaling of v2
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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0.3
•Or - Is it
hadron matter ?
0.2
<v2>
Very Large <v2>
of high pt
particles !
STAR
No Hadron Cascades
3x-5x too small:
Requires
high pressure
from QCD/sQGP !
Huge QCD-Plasma pressure!
0.1
HSD pt>2 GeV/c
0.0
0
100
200
300
Npart
Cassing, Gallmeister, C. Greiner, HSD
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•v2 can be fit by perfect nonviscous fluiddynamics
Hydro. Calculations
P. Huovinen,
P. Kolb,
U. Heinz
• large pressure buildup
• anisotropy 
happens fast
•  early equilibration !
STAR
PRL 86 (2001) 402
central
Hydrodynamics: early equilibration
Initial energy density is free parameter
Equation of state simulates lattice QCD
Solve Euler perfect fluid equations of motion
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Jet Propagation in QGP-> energy loss – that‘s all?
Gyulassy
& Wang
1995
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Back-to-Back Correlated Di-Jets at RHIC:
How much of Jet quenching is due to (pre-) hadronic FSI ?
STAR – DATA:
HSD
(pre-)hadronic FSI
• p-p jet angular
correlations o.k.
• near-side jet angular
•
Need Plasma suppression
STAR
Data=0
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
•
correlation o.k. for
central Au+Au
50% too little
suppression of awayside jet by hadrons !
50% QGP needed !
W. Cassing, K. Gallmeister,
Carsten Greiner,
hep-ph/0403208, QM’04
JPhysG 2004
04.08.2016
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•Where Does the Energy Go?
dev
correlations
JetJet
correlations
in in
central
Gold-Gold.
central
Gold-Gold.
proton-proton
reactions.
Away
side
Away
side
jet jet
disappears
for
reappears
in particles
Strong back-topT > 2 GeV
pT >particles
200peaks.
MeV
back
Mach Shock Cone from sonic boom?
H. Stöcker nucl-th 06/2004
J. Casalderrey-Solana+…11/2004
Color wakes?
J. Ruppert & B. Müller
Cherenkov-like gluon radiation?
I. Dremin
A. Majumder, V. Koch, X.-N. Wang Azimuthal
Angular Correlations
Lost energy of away-side jet is redistributed to rather large angles!
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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=>Jets interact in the plasma causing
Mach Shock Waves relative to Jet-axis
H. Stöcker 2004:
NPA 750, 121
Mach shock emission angle
θ to-jet-axis
~ 60-90 degrees
measures EoS:
cos θ = cs/ vjet
Massless QGP:
cs~ 0.57 = 1 rad
Hadron matter:
Cs ~ 0.3 = 1.3 rad
1. O. Phase Tran:
Cs ~ 0 = 1.5 rad
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Perfect fluid of hot and dense matter at RHIC:
=> Cs, supersonic jets, jet-quenching.
RHIC appears to have all the conditions to generate
Mach-Cone Shock waves.
Mach Cones in high energy heavy ion collisions - started in 1974:
H. Stoecker, Hofmann, Scheid, Greiner, Bear Mountain Workshop 1974:
BeV-collisions of heavy ions - how and why, T.D. Lee, editor, BNL (1975)
Baumgardt,…Schopper, H. Stoecker, Hofmann, Scheid, Greiner, Z. Phys. A273 (1975) 35
Hofmann, H. Stoecker, Heinz, Scheid, Greiner, PRL 36, 88 (1976)
Many recent studies revived the original idea and relate it to Mach Cones from Jets:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
H. Stoecker, NP A750, nucl-th/0406018
Casalderrey-Solana, Shuryak, Teaney, hep-ph/0411315
Satarov, H. Stoecker, Mishustin, Phys. Lett. B627 (2005) 64
Ruppert, Muller, hep-ph/0503158
Chaudhuri, Heinz, nucl-th/0503028
Renk, Ruppert, PRC73 (06) 011901
Y.G. Ma, et al., nucl-th/0601012 …
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Motivation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Jets modified by the
medium created… but
Jets modify that medium:
Look for Mach Cone!
4.0<PTTrig<6.0 GeV/c
0.15<PTAssoc<4.0 GeV/c
First 2-particle correl. data:
F. Wang, QM04, J.Phys.G
But also Deflected Jets !?
3-particle correlations give
decisive information !
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Away–side jet suppression: centrality dependence
200 AGeV Au+Au: PHENIX Data confirm 2-body c.
The minimum at
PHENIX preliminary
D  
is not observed for
p
+
p
,d
+
A
u
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Reaction Plane depend. of Mach-shock
|trig-RP|
J. Jia (PHENIX), nucl-ex/0510019.
Stronger
double-peak
structure
out-of-plane
than
in-plane?
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Mach Cone created by Jet !
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Transparency Courtesy
•Conical Flow in AdS/CFT w/5-dim String J. Casalderrey-Solana
(Friess, Gubser, Michalogiorgakis, Pufu hep-th/0607022)
String theory study of Heavy Quark
motion in strongly coupled N=4 SYM
{
Drag
Herzog et al.
Casalderrey & dp
 g 2 Nc 2

T
Teaney
dt
2M
Gubser
T 00 (  vkL , k L , k ) = Energy Density
Near Zero Viscosity ?
K┴
K┴
v=0.9
2
1
0
2
KL 4
v=0.95
1
0
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
2
KL
4
1
0
2
2
K┴
2
K┴
Looking at T00 they found the
Mach Cone & Shock waves
in N=4 SYM
This is a dynamical model.
No assumption about hydrodynamical behavior is made!
v=0.75
2
KL 4
v=0.99
1
0
04.08.2016
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2
KL
4
•Does Viscosity destroy the Mach Cone ???
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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T. Koide, T. Kodama G. Denicol, P. Mota, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro
•Novel Viscous Hydro Ansatz
Rio-Relaxation Time Theory
d
   m u   R
,
d
m
m

m
  m u   R
m
m
   ma   R

m
d
,
d
P
m
a

d
..
d
Conventional Israel-Steward theory
(Phenomenological version)
d
   m u   1
 q0 m m ,
d
a


d

 m  P m a a u    2
 q1a   ,
d


m



d

 m  P m   a   3
 q0   q1a  a 
d


a
 m  P m   ,
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Novel Relativistic Viscous Hydro Code
by T. Koide, T. Kodama, G. Denicol, P. Mota, UFRJ, Rio
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
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Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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Does large Viscosity kill the cone? NO!
 R  0.1
 R  1.0
 R= 10.0
Viscous Hydrodynamics by T. Koide, T. Kodama, et al,
Univ. Fed. Rio de Janeiro
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Does strong radial flow destroy the Mach cone?
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Flow of quarks & gluons: Mach-Cones deflected
due to high Pressure PQCD of QGP
Collective flow of Plasma:
Deformation of Mach cone
Deflection of it’s axis in the flow direction
Away-side satellites skewed and broadened
Satarov, Stöcker, Mishustin, Phys. Lett. B627 (2005) 64
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Mach shock cones are shifted
in expanding QGP-firestorm
Event 1 1
'

 q

2
D
shifts should be directly
visible in 3-particle correlatio


q
q
Event 3  3 
'
D
broadening of the away-side maxima






u

:
0
.
2

0
.
4



Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Mach-angles depend on direction and magnitude
relative to collective flow velocities U-radial, U-parallel !
Parallel to expansion:
Transverse Storm:
„Wrong“
side
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•3-dim Flow does not destroy the Mach Cone signature !
B. Betz
E. Molnar
K. Paech
D. Rischke
H. Stoecker
3-dim
Perfect/ideal
Hydro with
Phase
transition
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
80 degree
peaks seen
for first
order
phase
transition
See:
Barbara
Betz et al,
Poster,
QM06
Shanghai
04.08.2016
60
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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D13
D13
•Jet-Flow Subtraction
J. Ulery, F. Wang, Purdue
D12
D12
Au+Au 0-12%
Au+Au 0-12% - No Jet Flow
(D12+D13)/2 - 
(D12- D13)/2
(D12-D13)/2
Protons?
(D12+D13)/2 - 
Protons?
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
3-particle
Correlats:
Cone at
~80 degr. !
62
•Polar coordinate analysis by Phenix
N.N. Ajitanand (PHENIX), poster # 39.
Same Side
q*
D *
Away Side
• Background from mixed-events.
• Background subtracted.
• 3-particle correlation in PHENIX
acceptance, consistent with
• Mach Cone.
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Nuclear Mach Shock Waves - Collapse in 1.O. P.T.:
Stöcker, Hofmann, Scheid, Greiner 1974/76
Bear Mountain 1974
2
Nuclear EoS, chiral Lee-Wick (m=0) state
2-4 AGeV/c Carbon on Silver
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Mach-Cones & Hydrodynamic Flow v1, v2
probe Big Bang Matter in the Laboratory !
1 Hot Matter at High Density shows Hydrodynamic Flow
Barometer for Big Bang matter
2 Bounce- Off = v1, Squeeze- Out = v2 sensitive to EoS!
=> Phase Transition at T=160 MeV, mu~300MeV?
Measure v1 & v2 excitation fcts. @ Hi-Mu-RHIC, FAIR
3 Mach-Cones from Di-Jet- 3-body correls + 3-dim hydro
+ Viscosity & Radial Flow do not kill Mach-Shockwaves
4 Phase transition?
+ small Cs = 0.12 , large Mach angles ~ 80 degrees
= predicted & observed !
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Thank You!!!
Barbara Betz
Adrian Dumitru
Oliver Fochler
Etele Molnar
Kerstin Paech
Hannah Petersen
Phillip Rau
Zhe Xu
Detlef Zschiesche
Takeshi Kodama
Carsten Greiner
Dirk Rischke
ITP Goethe Universität Frankfurt
FIAS
now @ NSCL-MSU
FIAS
now @ Rio de Janeiro
RIO
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Di-Jets with high Pt: Rotate the whole frame
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Jet Propagation in QGP-> energy loss – that‘s all?
Gyulassy
& Wang
1995
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
68
•NOW: Mach Shock Waves induced by Di-Jets in QGP:
Rotate by 90 degrees the whole frame
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Mach Cone created by Jet !
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Azimuthal Distributions
•Fourier Analysis
Back
dN/dF ~ 1+2v1*cos F + 2v2*cos2 F
F wrt reaction plane
v1 = < cosF >
v2 = < cos2F >
v2 < 0 Squeeze-out, v2 >0 In-plane
v corrected for dispersion
–
Poskanzer & Voloshin, Ollitrault
pyy
pxx
qs
Yield
•
•
•
•
•
•
y
pz
Forward
z
(Beam)
Reaction plane
Angle rel. to reaction plane
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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•Di-Jets with high Pt: Rotate the whole frame
Horst Stöcker FIAS & ITP Goethe- Universität Frankfurt
04.08.2016
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