Transcript Northrop Grumman VP Technical Overview Presentation

Electronic Synthetic
Aperture Radar Imager
Team E#11/M#27 - FAMU Foundation
NGES Project Presentation
1
The Engineering
Program
NGES Enterprise Student Project
Jasmine Vanderhorst – Industrial Engineer
Benjamin Mock – Industrial Engineer
2
FAMU-FSU College of Engineering
Department
Anticipated graduating students in undergrad
degree programs in Spring 2015
Chemical &
Biomedical
Civil &
Environmental
Electrical &
Computer
Industrial
Mechanical
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46
81
28
117
Jasmine Vanderhorst
3
Impact of Senior Design
Jasmine Vanderhorst
4
Benefits of the NGES Program
 Exposure To Industry
Experts
 Experiences Gained
 EH&S Safety Training
 Radio Frequency
Engineering
 DFMA Process
Engineering
 Critical Decision Making
 Mechanical Design,
Analysis, & Fabrication
Process
 Pete Stenger
 Professionalism





Team Accountability
Cooperative Learning
Highly Detailed Work
Design Integrity
Timeliness
Benjamin Mock
5
Introductions
The Team Overview
Jasmine Vanderhorst
6
The Team Structure
Engineer
Jasmine
Vanderhorst
Benjamin
Mock
Joshua
Cushion
Matthew
Cammuse
Patrick
Delallana
Julia Kim
Malcolm
Harmon
Mark
Poindexter
Field of
Study
Industrial
Engineering
Industrial
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Electrical
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
Mechanical
Engineering
-Project
Management
-Team Web
Master
Tasks
-Reliability
Engineering
-Presentations
-Lead IE &
Treasurer
-Procurement
-Safety &
Testing
-Reliability
Engineering
-Co-Lead EE
-Lead EE &
Radio
Frequency
Engineer
-Power
Supply Design
-Electrical
System
Design
-Assistant
Project
Manager &
Co-Lead EE
-Co-Lead EE
-FPGA
& Recording
Programming
Secretary
-Antenna
Array Design
-VGA and Ato-D
Conversion
Coding
-Testing
Strategy
Jasmine Vanderhorst
-System
Timing
-Signal
Processing
-Image
Calibration
-Assistant
Project
Manager
-Vendor
Relations
-Antenna
Frame
Design
-Material
Analysis
-Co-Lead ME
-Component
Box Design
-Cabling
Design &
Setup
-Vendor
Relations
7
Stakeholders
 Northrop Grumman
 Corporate Sponsor: Pete Stenger
 FAMU Administration
 University Advancement: Kacy Lowe
 Electrical and Computer Engineering
 Lead Coordinator: Dr. Michael Frank
 Main Advisor: Dr. Simon Foo
 Co-Main Advisor: Dr. Shonda Bernadin
 Extra Reviewers: Dr. Bruce Harvey and Dr.
Rajendra Arora
Jasmine Vanderhorst
8
Stakeholders
 Mechanical Engineering
 External Coordinators: Dr. Nikhil Gupta and Dr.
Scott Helzer
 External Technical Advisor: Dr. Emmanuel Collins
 Teaching Assistants: Ricardo Aleman and Samuel
Botero
 Industrial Engineering
 External Coordinator: Dr. Okenwa Okoli
 Teaching Assistants: Emily Hammel and Margaret
Scheiner
9
Jasmine Vanderhorst
Project Overview
Radar Imager Project Scope
Matthew Cammuse – Electrical Engineer
10
Project Mission
Objective: Develop a “static, multi-antenna
Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) imager”
o In brief: Giant metal detector
Why?: Security
 Prevention of guns, knifes or dangerous
objects from entering public facilities:
o Schools
o Airports
o Office Buildings
Matthew Cammuse
11
Imaging Radar Operational Concept
40 x 40 inch scene
16 - 2.5 inch
1-D Cells in
Azimuth and
Elevation
Pulsed Transmit/Receive
Imaging Radar
• Static parts
• COTS components
• Digital beam forming
PC Display
20 foot range to
scene center
5 x 5 feet
20nS wide RF
Pulse @ 10 GHz
Beams are formed
Digitally with Fourier
Transform, 16 in Azimuth
And 16 in Elevation
VGA
Connection
16 - Azimuth
16 - Elevation
X-Band Horn
Antenna Array
Matthew Cammuse
12
Electronic Radar Imager
Performance Characteristics
Requirement
Units
Value
Comments
Frequency
GHz
10.0 +/- 0.1 GHz
Single frequency operation. BW supports 1/PW
Range to scene to be imaged
feet
20
20 foot radius from center of antenna aperture
Scene extent
inches
40 x 40
The area to be imaged
Cross range resolution
inches
2.5
1-D in Azimuth and Elevation
Down range resolution
inches
N/A
A future enhancement to performance
TX Pulse Width (PW)
nS
20
Transmit Power
W
0.2
Antenna aperture size
feet
5x5
Pulse Repetition Interval
nS
100
Receiver Noise Figure
dB
3
Does not include front end losses
Image Time
mS
0.5
Time to collect 1 set of image data
Matthew Cammuse
Waveguide horns in cross configuration
13
Electrical System
Major Electrical Components & Designs
Joshua Cushion – Electrical Engineer
14
Electrical System Overview
15
Joshua Cushion
Transmit Signal Chain
Roles:
VCO
 Generate radio frequency
(RF) signal
 Target operating
frequency: 10 GHz (X Band)
 Transmit the RF signal
 Range: 20 feet
 Maximum transmit power:
10 W/m2 (929 mW/ft2)
~ FCC Regulations
Joshua Cushion
SPDT Switch
Frequency
Multiplier
Key Components
Band Pass Filter
SP4T Switch
4 Antennas
16
Receive Signal Chain
16 Antennas
SP16T Switch
Roles:
 Receive the reflected RF
signal scatterings from
target
 IQ Demodulator
 Interpret the phase and
amplitude of the received
RF signals
 Convert phase and
amplitude to DC voltages
Band Pass Filter
Low Noise
Amplifiers
Key Components
IQ Demodulator
Level Shift Circuit
Analog to Digital
Converters
FPGA
Joshua Cushion
17
Power Supply
VCO
Roles:
FPGA
 Generate the power for
components
Switches
 Maintain constant supply of
voltage and current without
overheating
 Deliver the power to the
components
Power Supply
IQ Demodulator
Frequency
Multiplier
Amplifiers
Dual Level Shift
Circuit
Joshua Cushion
18
Programming
FPGA, VGA Display, and Discrete Codes
Patrick Delallana – Electrical & Computer
Engineer
19
Programmable Component
 System will be
controlled via FPGA.
 FPGA will be coded
in VHDL
 Two modes
 Transmit
 Receive
 Timing will be
controlled via
switches
 SPDT
 SP4T
 SP16T
Patrick Delallana
20
Tasks of FPGA
 Generate Signals
 Control Timing
 SPDT - Transmit and Receive Modes
 SP4T – Transmit Antennas.
 SP16T – Receive Antennas
 Store Data
 Voltages and phases from the demodulator into data.
 Image processing
 End result a 1-Dimensional display of pixels divided into 16 columns.
Patrick Delallana
21
Hardware Design
Patrick Delallana
22
Coding Subtasks
 Discrete timing control
 Timing of switches
 Analog to Digital Conversion Code
 Voltages from IQ Demodulator and store in 12
bit word
 VGA Code
 Display line of pixels that corresponds to
detected metal
Patrick Delallana
23
Functionality Mitigation
Strategies
 For Discrete Timing
 Use push button to send pulse
 Analog to Digital Conversion Code
 Display voltages on 7 segment display
 VGA code
 Use switches to control where VGA is lit.
Patrick Delallana
24
Signal Overview
Signal Processing
Julia Kim – Electrical Engineer
25
Signal Processing
 Variable d is the distance
between phase centers
 θ is the angle from a line
with origin at center of
array that is 90° to
antenna ray to a line from
the origin at the center of
the array to a point
elsewhere in the scene
 𝜃𝑛 represents the sixteen
θs that go to sixteen
points in the scene
Julia Kim
26
Signal Processing
Basis Functions
60
40
f(θn)
20
0
0
5
10
15
20
-20
 The basis function
represents the energy that
will come in from a different
angle, so if it is multiplied by
the total energy, it
decomposes it into just that
part.
-40
-60
Points
f(θ1)
f(θ2)
f(θ3)
f(θ4)
f(θ5)
f(θ6)
f(θ7)
f(θ8)
f(θ9)
f(θ10)
f(θ11)
f(θ12)
f(θ13)
f(θ14)
f(θ15)
f(θ16)
 For image formation, the
sum of the energy from
some of the scatterers is
taken and they are
decomposed by multiplying
them by the basis functions.
Julia Kim
27
Signal Processing
Amplitude vs Angle
 Fourier transform is used to
decompose the waveform
into the amounts of energy
that come in from different
angles.
30
25
20
15
Amplitude
10
-10
5
0
-5
0
5
10
-5
 Basically a 1-D image that
tells the user where the
energy is coming in from
different angles in the scene
-10
-15
-20
-25
Angle
Julia Kim
28
Mechanical
Components
Antenna Mechanical Models
Malcolm Harmon – Mechanical Engineer
Mark Poindexter – Mechanical Engineer
29
Antenna Structure Design
• Includes stand and component box which stands 6 ft. high
• 5.3 ft. wide excluding stand, 6 ft. wide including stand
Malcolm Harmon
30
Antenna Structure Design
• Exploded view separated by components
Malcolm Harmon
Part #
Part Name
SAR - 1
Comp. Box
Lid
SAR - 2
Comp. Box
SAR - 3
Channel To
Stand
SAR - 4
Stand
SAR - 5
Channel
Connector
SAR - 6
Vertical Horn
Cover
SAR - 7
Left Horn
Cover
SAR - 8
Right Horn
Cover
SAR - 9
Quadrant
Panel
31
Trihedral
• Triangular planes are joined together to form a triangular pocket to
receive and reflect waves
Malcolm Harmon
32
Component Box
Mark Poindexter
33
L-Shaped
Component
Sheet
1 - SP16T Switch
2 - 3 Inch 90 Degree Bend Cable
3 - Band Pass Filter
4 - Low Noise Amplifier
5 - 3 Inch 90 Degree Bend Cable
6 - Variable Attenuator
7 - 3 Inch 90 Degree Bend Cable
8 - Low Noise Amplifier
9 - 3 Inch Cable
10 - IQ Demodulator
11 - 7 Inch S Bend Cable
12 - Fixed Attenuator
13 - 3 Inch 90 Degree Bend Cable
14 - Ultra Wide Band Amplifier
15 - Multiplier
16 - 5 Inch 180 Degree Bend Cable
17 - Fixed Attenuator
18 - 3 Inch 90 Degree Bend Cable
19 - SP2T Switch
20 - 3 Inch Cable
21 – Super Ultra Wide Band Amplifier
22 - 3 Inch 90 Degree Bend Cable
23 - VCO
24 - 3 Inch 90 Degree Bend Cable
25 - Fixed Attenuator
26 - 5 Inch 180 Degree Bend Cable
27 - Multiplier
28 - Ultra Wide Band Amplifier
29 - 3 Inch 90 Degree Bend Cable
30 - Variable Attenuator
31 - 3 Inch Cable
32 - Band Pass Filter
33 - 5 Inch 180 Degree Bend Cable
34 - Power Amplifier
35 - 3 Inch Cable
36 - SP4T Switch
37 - FPGA
38 – Power Supply/Level Shift Circuit
Mechanical Summary
 Accomplished Tasks
Structure Design
Stress Analysis
 Current Tasks
Fabrication shop
Heat Analysis
Component Securement
Mark Poindexter
35
Project Schedule
Major Milestones & Goals
Jasmine Vanderhorst – Industrial Engineer
36
Schedule Update
Completed
Near Completion
 Obtain Storage and Testing
Facility
 Center for Advanced Power
Systems (CAPS)
 Level Shift Circuit Design
 Welding and Assembly (February
12-27, 2015)
 Anechoic Foam Expense
Assessment (February 13, 2014)
 Contingency Plans
 Programming Descriptions
 Transmit, Receive,
Demodulator LO Chain Design
 Antenna Aperture Design
Jasmine Vanderhorst
37
Ongoing & Upcoming
Activities
 Component Ordering & Shipping
 Signal Processing & Image Calibration
 Data Storing Software for FPGA to PCU
 Power Supply Design
 Software & Hardware Demonstration (February 23-27)
 DC Wire Harness Design
 Hardware & Software Integration
Jasmine Vanderhorst
38
Project Budget
Cost Breakdown
Benjamin Mock – Industrial Engineer
39
Total Budget
Budget
Electrical
Components
$20,040.71
40%
$23,091.84
46%
Mechanical
Components
Test Equipment
Remainder
$3,747.95
8%
$3,119.50
6%
Benjamin Mock
40
Large Budget Items
 SPDT Switch
 Price Reduction Strategy
 SP16T Switch
 Compare Quote Estimates
 Mechanical Frame
 Compare Stock/Lead
Times
 Waveguide Adapters
 Analyze with team
 Anechoic Absorbers
Benjamin Mock
41
Project Summary
Overall Project Assessment
42
Complete Electrical System
Goals:
 Generate the RF signal (10 GHz)
 Transmit the RF signal (20 feet)
 Receive the reflected RF signal scatterings
 Interpret the phase and amplitude of received RF
signals
 Generate and deliver power to operate the
components
Joshua Cushion
43
Major Challenges
 Antenna Design
 Spacing & Accuracy
 Anechoic Foam Chamber
 Design Layout, Quantity, and Expenses
 Power Supply Design
 Concept Complexity
 Signal Processing & Image Calibration
 Concept Complexity
 Mechanical Components
 Horn Holding Apparatus
Julia Kim
44
Contingency Plan
Testing Equipment:
 Signal Generator
 Spectrum Analyzer
TX Components:
 SP4T
 Isolator
Signal
Generator
RX Components:
 SP16T
 Variable
Attenuator
 Low Noise
Amplifier
 Band Pass
Filter
Matthew Cammuse
Spectrum
Analyzer
45
Going Forward
 Sub-Assembly & Testing
 CAPS
 Midterm Hardware &
Software Review
 Demonstration of
Transmit and
Demodulator LO Chain
 Demonstration of FPGA
Coding and Discrete
Controls
 Connecting all major
subassemblies and
componentry
 Hardware and Software
Integration
 System Integration
Testing & Troubleshooting
 Fault Tree AnalysisSystem Reliability
 Capture Lessons Learned
Jasmine Vanderhorst
46
Thank You!
Questions & Comments
47