Transcript Communication2.ppt

TECHNOLOGY MILESTONES FROM THE CHEMIST’S VIEW
II. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
Innovations in chemistry, engineering, and
electronics from the end of the nineteenth
century to today allow us to keep in contact
from anywhere in the world.
Our lifestyle has changed radically over the
last century, from rural to urban life, from
education for the elite to education for the
masses, from agriculture to research work.
The subsequent flow of people, information,
new ideas, and materials has brought
significant social change.
Numerous results from chemistry have
contributed to the development of the many
communication tools that we need in order to
capture, store, and distribute information.
Wireless communications and fiber optics
provide the foundations of our internet society.
Silicon chemistry and high-performance
polymers
make
today’s
computer
microprocessors possible. Movies, television,
and photography all rely on chemistry to help
preserve our memories.
The scientific
achievements of chemists allow
remote
family members to keep in touch with each
other from anywhere on the globe.
II. 1. Communications Advances
The development of the telephone
Wireless communications
Facsimile technology and xerography
Laser and fiber optics
II. 2. Computer Technology
Evolution of computers
Semiconductor technology
Silicon chips and integrated circuits
Monitor and display technologies
Information storage
Communication satellites
II. 3. Entertainment Developments
Movies
Television
Photography
II. 4. Innovations in Electronics
Evolution of consumer electronics
Advanced synthetic materials
Transistors
II. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
Chronology
1876 Alexander Graham Bell completes
the first telephone call.
1926 The Warner brothers make the first
movie with synchronized music and
audio effects.
A. Graham
Bell
1926 The first two-way voice conversation
is transmitted across the Atlantic Ocean.
The showbill of the first
feature-length movie, The
Jazz Singer, with
synchronized singing and
dialogue
1927 Philo T. Farnsworth broadcasts first
television image using a cathode ray
tube.
1946 ENIAC, the first electronic digital
computer, is put into operation. The
Hungarian-born John von Neumann took
part in the modification of the
mathematical-logical details of ENIAC.
Philo T. Farnsworth
and the cathode ray
tube
1947 The transistor is invented at Bell
Telephone Laboratories.
ENIAC
1955 Reynold Johnson develops the first
disk drive.
1958 Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments
invents the integrated circuit (IC).
The first
transistor
1961 Silicon chips first appear.
1961 Telstar, the world’s first active
communications satellite, is sent into
orbit.
1961 The firm Eastman Kodak introduces
the popular Instamatic camera with film
cartridge.
The first
integrated circuit
Silicon chip
1971 Intel company introduces its popular
4004 4-bit microprocessor for consumer
use.
1977 Town Chicago tests the first
commercial fiber-optic communications
system.
Kodak-Instamatic
Telstar
1983 Cellular phones become popular
after the automatic switching of wireless
communications through a series of cells
was discovered.
1984 CD-ROM (compact-disc-read-only
memory) is introduced along with its
companion compact disc (CD) player.
Installation fiber
optics in Chicago
downtown
The Intel’s 4004 4bit processor