Transcript 02Biology of the brain

02- Biology of the brain
What makes you think?
Class presentation video:
Biology of the Brain
What topics do you need help with?
What topics do you need help with?
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A. Neurons, dendrites, axons
B. Synapse
C. Neurotransmitters – e.g. Endorphins
D. Central and peripheral nervous system
E. I understand
What topics do you need help with?
• A. Sympathetic & parasympathetic nervous
system
• B. Effects of a broken central nervous system
• C. Scans – EEG, PET, & fMRI
• D. Evolution of brain regions
• E. I understand
What topics do you need help with?
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A. Brain plasticity
B. Corpus callosum
C. Damage to right and left hemispheres
D. I understand
After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira
has difficulty walking in a smooth and
coordinated manner. It is most probable that
she has suffered damage to her:
A.
B.
C.
D.
amygdala.
angular gyrus.
cerebellum.
corpus callosum.
After suffering an accidental brain injury, Kira
has difficulty walking in a smooth and
coordinated manner. It is most probable that
she has suffered damage to her:
A.
B.
C.
D.
amygdala.
angular gyrus.
cerebellum.
corpus callosum.
Following massive damage to his frontal lobes,
Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated
by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
irritability.
memory loss.
auditory hallucinations.
a reward deficiency syndrome.
Following massive damage to his frontal lobes,
Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated
by:
A.
B.
C.
D.
irritability.
memory loss.
auditory hallucinations.
a reward deficiency syndrome.
Antidepressants such as Prozac
target which neurotransmitter?
A.
B.
C.
D.
serotonin
glutamate
GABA
acetylcholine
Antidepressants such as Prozac
target which neurotransmitter?
A.
B.
C.
D.
serotonin
glutamate
GABA
acetylcholine
You are a neurologist in a large hospital. The wife
of a construction worker visits you and describes
that her husband has experienced a serious injury
to his frontal lobe. She is perplexed by his
behavior. Which of the following would you tell
her is “normal behavior” for a person with frontal
lobe damage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
not much decline in memory or intelligence
poor judgment
irritability and other personality changes
ALL of these are commonly seen in frontal lobe damage
You are a neurologist in a large hospital. The wife
of a construction worker visits you and describes
that her husband has experienced a serious injury
to his frontal lobe. She is perplexed by his
behavior. Which of the following would you tell
her is “normal behavior” for a person with frontal
lobe damage?
A.
B.
C.
D.
not much decline in memory or intelligence
poor judgment
irritability and other personality changes
ALL of these are commonly seen in frontal lobe damage
As Allison reaches for a box in her garage, out
jumps a big spider. Her heart immediately begins
to race as she withdraws her hand, but soon she
realizes that the spider is harmless, and she begins
to calm down. Which part of her nervous system
is responsible for brining her back to a normal
state of arousal?
A.
B.
C.
D.
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
skeletal nervous system
As Allison reaches for a box in her garage, out
jumps a big spider. Her heart immediately begins
to race as she withdraws her hand, but soon she
realizes that the spider is harmless, and she begins
to calm down. Which part of her nervous system
is responsible for brining her back to a normal
state of arousal?
A.
B.
C.
D.
sympathetic nervous system
somatic nervous system
parasympathetic nervous system
skeletal nervous system
If Dr. Barnes wanted to cause a cat to take on
an attack posture, which of the cat’s brain
structures should he electrically stimulate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
amygdala
hypothalamus
hippocampus
cerebellum
If Dr. Barnes wanted to cause a cat to take on
an attack posture, which of the cat’s brain
structures should he electrically stimulate?
A.
B.
C.
D.
amygdala
hypothalamus
hippocampus
cerebellum
What do you think?
• Should someone who is accused of a crime be
able to plead not guilty on the grounds of
brain dysfunction or hormone imbalance?
A.Yes
B. No
What do you think?
• Should someone who is accused of a crime be
able to plead not guilty because he or she was
under the influence of drugs?
A.Yes
B. No
With which statement do you agree?
A. Men and women are destined to behave
differently because of differences in their
brains.
B. People can consciously modify their behavior
to overcome sex differences in the brain.
What do you think?
• Should it be legal to perform brain surgery or
to administer electroconvulsive shock to
control behavior in adults?
A.Yes
B. No
What do you think?
• Should it be legal to perform brain surgery or
to administer electroconvulsive shock to
control behavior in children?
A.Yes
B. No
What do you think?
• Should it be legal to perform brain surgery or
to administer electroconvulsive shock to
control behavior in habitual criminals?
A.Yes
B. No
While jogging, you notice a shiny object on the ground,
reach down, and pick it up. Information about the
object reached your brain by way of __________, and your
hand was commanded to reach down by __________.
1. Motor neurons; motor neurons
2. Interneurons; interneurons
3. Sensory neurons; motor neurons
4. Motor neurons; sensory neurons
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
While jogging, you notice a shiny object on the ground,
reach down, and pick it up. Information about the
object reached your brain by way of __________, and your
hand was commanded to reach down by __________.
1. Motor neurons; motor neurons
2. Interneurons; interneurons
3. Sensory neurons; motor neurons
4. Motor neurons; sensory neurons
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
This section of the nervous system is responsible for
calming the body after a stressful response:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sympathetic
Central
Parasympathetic
Autonomic
Sensory neurons
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
This section of the nervous system is responsible for
calming the body after a stressful response:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Sympathetic
Central
Parasympathetic
Autonomic
Sensory neurons
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
This area of the brain is responsible for higher mental
functions, such as planning, personality, memory, and
decision making:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Temporal lobes
Parietal lobes
Frontal lobes
Occipital lobes
Motor cortex
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
This area of the brain is responsible for higher mental
functions, such as planning, personality, memory, and
decision making:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Temporal lobes
Parietal lobes
Frontal lobes
Occipital lobes
Motor cortex
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The area of the brain that connects the two cerebral
hemispheres and is often severed in split brain patients is
called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Frontal lobe
Corpus callosum
Copyright © 2012, Pearson Education
The area of the brain that connects the two cerebral
hemispheres and is often severed in split brain patients is
called:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Temporal lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital lobe
Frontal lobe
Corpus callosum
Discussion Question
Your best friends invite you over for pizza and a friendly game of
cards. Describe how the following parts of the brain are involved during your
evening of eating pizza, socializing, and playing cards: Broca’s area,
hippocampus, hypothalamus, and occipital lobe.
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Broca’s area?
Hippocampus?
Hypothalamus?
Occipital lobe?
• Broca’s area is involved with socializing and helps
everyone talk to one another.
• The hippocampus is involved with socializing and
helps everyone form immediate and long-term
memories of the evening.
• The hypothalamus is involved with eating pizza
and lets everyone know if they are hungry or full.
• The occipital lobe is involved with all aspects
because it helps everyone to see the cards, the
pizza, and each other.