Transcript دكتر آويژگان

‫بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم‬
Infectious Diseases
and
Traditional Medicine

Majid Avijgan MD,
 Professor of Infectious Diseases
 Infectious Diseases Department,
 Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
 January 2013
This topic

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The evolutionary course of fight against infectious diseases during history of
human beings, starts with natural substance and by innovation of them. In 19th
century the opening of first drug store and then pharmaceutical company, and
by supportive goal from scholarship, the world of antibiotics were under
control of some Trust like group.
Since this time the any movement in this area was controlled and prevented
from any free activities. By discovery of new drugs and new antibiotics, the
new and not known event in the antibiotics world has happened as resistance
and also complication. So one antibiotics after previous antibiotics presented
and in this field the physician must administer and people must use them due
to resistance bacteria.
Since mid 1970s the return to Traditional Medicine started and the fight
against this movement appeared from some mafia pharmaceutical company .
But what traditional medicine indicates , is to note to the immune system and
bacteria simultaneously. In the base of perfect immune system, then an
antibiotics can work perfectly.
We must accept that in nowadays, there is not any option to be accepted except
to co-operation of Traditional medicine and biomedicine to treat patients.

Majid Avijgan
History

From the beginning of the world up to 1856.

From 1856 up to now.
Natural substances

Aarchaeologists excavated evidence of
human remains in northern Iraq that were
buried along with a variety of herbs, a
number of which have now found to be
antibacterial that were used by the
prehistoric people of the region to eliminate
bacteria or thwart their multiplication.
Natural substances
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It is believed that the Egyptians were the
first to make prescriptions for curing
infections sometime around 1550 BC.
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Blend of lard, honey and lint and was used
in the form of a lotion for dressing wounds.
Natural substances

We are aware that honey possesses antibacterial properties,
as it kills bacterial cells by means of extracting water from
them. Moreover, honey encloses an enzyme called inhibine
that transforms glucose and oxygen into hydrogen
peroxide - a widely accepted antiseptic. In current times,
wounds have been found to be very resistant to healing by
antibiotic medicaments. However, honey has the aptitude
to heal them quite easily. In addition, honey is also known
to be a wonderful natural medication for curing infected
varicose ulcers.
Natural substances

In addition, the Greeks too used honey for
dressing wounds, frequently mixing it with
copper oxide.
 In latest times, during the World War II, an
ointment prepared with honey and lard was
used by people in Shanghai to heal wounds
and skin contagions very effectively.
Natural substances
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Aromatic resins, for instance frankincense as well
as myrrh, were employed to preserve human
remains. In effect, onions too have antibacterial
properties and it has been generally found inside
the body cavities of mummies. Researches
substantiated the anti-infective properties of onion
and garlic some time around 1940s. Scientists
isolated a substance known as allicin from these
plants, which has proved to be very effective in
eliminating bacteria.
Natural substances
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Radish is another herb which the Egyptians
are believed to have used for medicinal
purpose. The attribute of the plant to
combat infections was established following
the isolation of raphanin, a substance that
possesses considerable antibacterial actions
against a wide range of infections.
Natural substances
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However, the use of molds actually has its
origin to the ancient Egyptians or most
possibly even earlier.
Natural substances
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It may be mentioned here that some time around
1550 BC, an Egyptian physician had remarked in
the Ebers Papyrus that when a wound
decomposes, it should be bind on infected barley
bread. It is true that the Egyptians employed
various types of molds to cure infections on the
skin surface. Similarly, in ancient time, the
Chinese too made use of molds to heal carbuncles,
boils and other skin infections.
Natural substances
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During the time of the ancient Greek physician
Hippocrates, people also extensively used vinegar and
wine to heal wounds that were infected. Vinegar is actually
an acid and a potent antiseptic that eliminates germs
causing diseases. However, the antibacterial features of
wine may not be totally attributed to its alcohol content,
since it is very poor. Chemical analysis of wine undertaken
recently has exposed that it encloses an antibacterial
substance known as malvoside. Scientists are of the view
that malvoside present in wine is responsible for its
antibacterial attributes.
Natural substances
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Even today, inorganic substances, copper is mixed
with other inorganic substances to cure infections.
In France, a skin condition called impetigo caused
by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus is being
cured using Eau Dalibour, a blend of copper and
zinc. Although the surgeon general of Louis XIV
army Jacques Dalibour is known to prescribe this
medication for the first time ever, it is believed
that this combination may also have been used in
traditional French medicine much long back.
History

The data hand down generation to
generation during years…….
History of drugs
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At 1856 first drug store has been presented
in the California in USA
History of supports
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In addition, it also throws light on why
majority of the medical researches are
sponsored by the pharmaceutical firms and
the reason behind medical students being
taught pharmacology or the use of
medicaments as the key ways of treating
patients.
History of biosafe-bacteria
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In Paris itself, Louis Pasteur had explained the
advantageous influences of injecting animals with
safe soil bacteria to fight anthrax (an infectious,
often life-threatening disease of the animals).
Several other experiments dealing with anthrax
and cholera also corroborated these findings and
established that harmless bacteria have the
aptitude to slow down the disease-causing or
pathogenic bacteria.
History of dye
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In 1910, scientists found a more potential
agent known as salvarsan, which was
basically a dye, demonstrating to be very
effectual in treating the sexually transmitted
disease syphilis. Nevertheless, toxicity of
the substance in humans proved to be the
main obstacle in developing salvarsan as
well as its extensive use.
History of antibiotic

While trying to develop the bacteria
Staphylococcus spp. on an agar plate (a
saucer used for preparing bacterial cultures)
in 1928, Dr. Fleming detected that the
development of this bacterium was slowed
down by a mold which had contaminated
the plate by accident. He immediately made
up his mind to identify the mold that was
ultimately known as Penicillium notatum.
History of antibiotic

Incidentally, it took another few years for two talented
researchers, Dr. Florey and Dr. Chain, who were working
at Oxford University in the late 1930s and early part of
1940s, to appreciate the significance of the findings of Dr.
Fleming’s research. In fact, the pioneering work of these
two researchers helped to bring penicillin into clinical use.
Dr. Flory was an Australian physician who had been to
Oxford on a scholarship to study pathology. On the other
hand, Dr. Chain was a chemist from Germany who had
escaped from the Nazis in the 1930s and went to England
for rest.
History of antibiotic
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Penicillin showed marked efficiency in combating an
assortment of infections, including septicemia, pneumonia,
scarlet fever, diphtheria, strep throat, rheumatic fever as
well as the sexually transmitted ailment gonorrhoea.
In fact, people started believing that penicillin could be
used to treat any ailment and, incidentally, this myth even
exists till date.
At the same time, this new magic medicament received
fantastic publicity and Dr. Fleming, Dr. Florey and Dr.
Chain were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology
and Medicine in 1945.
HISTORY (Resistance)
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Before 1955, the sale of penicillin was not
restricted and, hence, anyone and everyone
were able to purchase it without a
prescription. However, the overuse and
unrestricted use of penicillin resulted in
increasing resistant to bacteria
HISTORY (Resistance)

In the meantime, in 1935, a German researcher
demonstrated that a dye known as Prontosil Red was
effective in treating mice infected with Streptococcus supp.
- the bacteria responsible for strep throat. In fact, the dye
Prontosil Red was the predecessor of a group of drugs
similar to antibiotics and known as sulphonamides or sulfa
drugs. Even to this day, these drugs are in use. For
instance, Septra, which contains sulfamethoxazole, is given
to patients suffering from infections of the respiratory as
well as the urinary tract.
History (complication)
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Merck and Company helped Waksman with funds
in 1939 to begin an exploration for antibiotics with
a view to offer optimism to patients suffering from
tuberculosis (TB). Even to this day, the antibiotic
is used to treat tuberculosis.
 Soon after streptomycin was clinically used in
tuberculosis patients, it was found that the use of
the drug resulted in side effects that were absent in
the case of using penicillin, counting kidney
damage as well as deafness.
History
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Nevertheless, the major problem faced by patients
in using streptomycin, and what actually limited
efficiency, was resistance. In fact, the pace at
which bacteria were capable of developing
resistance to this drug surprised Waksman and his
colleagues. Owing to this factor, they were
encouraged to undertake research to find other
antibiotics. This search actually led to the
development of neomycin - a medicament
generally used in a number of antibacterial
ointments these days.
History
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As many as 22 patients who received the antibiotic chloramphenicol in
the Bolivian epidemic survived. Among the 50 patients who did not
avail antibiotic, 14 succumbed to the epidemic. Actually, the trial of
the antibiotic drug in Bolivia is not its sole connection in South
America. In effect, the antibiotic medicament chloramphenicol was
isolated for the first time from a soil sample in a place in Caracas,
Venezuela. This discovery is significant in two ways. Firstly, it helped
in detecting a new antibiotic substance and second, according to the
findings of the clinical trial, chloramphenicol has the potential to treat
diseases that were incurable earlier - for instance, typhus. Much later,
this antibiotic medicament demonstrated outstanding results in treating
typhoid fever. Finally, the scientists were being successful in
discovering new and effectual substances, which could cure severe
infections.
History (Complication)
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effectual substances, which could cure severe infections.
The ecstasy involved with the discovery of chloramphenicol was rather
diminished when it became clear that the use of the antibiotic resulted
in grave side effects. By 1950, several researchers were worried by the
increasing proof related to the drug’s use to acute blood disorders, such
as anaemia and even leukemia.
The use of the antibiotic drug chloramphenicol is presently restricted
in the developed nations, as more expensive, but less harmful
medications are available in these places. However, in developing
nations this antibiotic is still in use since its production does not entail
great expenses. Primarily, this drug is given to patients suffering from
typhoid fever, typhus, meningitis and brucellosis also known as
undulant fever. However, this antibiotic medicament may also be used
for treating other infections. In fact, it is possible that you have used
this drug either in your ear drops or eye drops.
History
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In 1948, Brotzu made the findings of this clinical trials public and his
work drew the attention of the research group formed by Dr. Florey in
Oxford University. After obtaining the samples of the fungus,
members of the Oxford University research group could isolate as well
as purify a number of antibiotics similar to penicillin, which were
known as cephalosporins. It was found that the cephalosporins were
highly effectual in curing an assortment of infections caused by
bacteria. These antibiotics eliminate bacteria in a way that is
comparable to the actions of penicillin and were considered as valuable
options, particularly in cases where resistance to penicillin was a major
worry. In addition, cephalosporins had very low toxicity and this was a
great advantage of using these antibiotic medicaments. However, it is
another matter that using cephalosporins resulted in allergic reactions
in approximately five per cent of patients.
History
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Benjamin M. Duggar was successful in
isolating chlortetracycline from a mud
sample obtained from a river in Missouri.
While chlortetracycline was the first ever
tetracycline, the discovery of Duggar has
resulted in the isolation and then the
development of numerous very potent
antibiotics. Currently, these antibiotic drugs
are only second to penicillin in terms of
worldwide sales.
History (complication)
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Tetracyclines results in the formation of calcium
complexes in developing bone, which may cause
permanent discoloration and enamel imperfections in the
teeth and, at the same time, lessen the growth of bone. In
addition, tetracyclines penetrate the placenta and have an
immense toxic effect on the fetus. Owing to these adverse
and toxic side effects, use of tetracyclines is banned in
treating infections among pregnant women and children
under the age of seven years, since they have the potential
to slow down the growth of kids.
Turning Points
(New Generation)

Additional research undertaken in the 1960s led to the
development of the second generation antibiotic drugs.
These second generation antibiotics included methicillin, a
partially synthetic derivative of penicillin produced to
especially beat the problems of penicillin resistance. In
effect, scientists hailed methicillin as a vital advancement
in the fight against bacterial resistance to penicillin.
Scientists were now of the view that they would be able to
win the battle against bacterial infections. However,
unfortunately, they were proved wrong and bacteria had
the final word and today we have bacteria that are also
resistant to the second generation antibiotic methicillin.
Domino
Domino of Antibiotics
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since the discovery of penicillin in 1928,
infections still plague us. Many bacteria develop
resistance to the antibiotics that once killed them.
While antibiotics can be lifesaving when used
appropriately, overuse and inappropriate use of
antibiotics can cause widespread health problems.
 Then consider the resistant's bacteria and
overwhelmed Immune system
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
Attention to Traditional
Medicine
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1970 return to Traditional medicine
History
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During the early part of the 1990s, the
American Medical Association (AMA)
ensured a powerful political lobby to shut
down several homeopathic colleges and
hospitals. It is interesting to note that within
just two decades, the number of
homeopathic hospitals in America dropped
to just seven by 1920.
What does TM mean from antibiotics?
 Immune
system = Resistance to infection

Means No Infection
Infectious Diseases and
Traditional Medicine!!!

Infectious Diseases:
 Newest findings of Medical sciences
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Traditional Medicine:
 Oldest findings or data of Medical Sciences
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But: Sky-scrapers are on the strong foundation
Infectious Diseases and
Traditional Medicine!!!
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П------------------------------------------П
Traditional Med..---------------------------------------------------------------------Infectious Dis
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
↓
----------П--------------------П-----------
------Traditional Med. -------Infectious Dis. ----
↓
 -------------------ПП----------------------
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------Infectious Dis./Traditional Med. -------
Immune system or infectious diseases

Two theories dominate the practice of medicine on
infectious diseases.
 One theory is that germs cause infectious diseases.
 The other theory is that diminished host resistance
causes infectious diseases. The "great
compromise" of these two theories is widely
accepted by both the public and professionals.
That is, infectious organisms are present in the
host or the environment, but infection does not
occur unless the host,s resistance diminishes.
(TB,AIDS, ……)

http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org/articles/118/modern-vs--traditional-medicine
Immune system
and infectious Diseases

As a pillar of modern medicine, antibiotics
play a tremendous role in dealing with
infections.
 When the body,s immune system is
overwhelmed, antibiotics can be very
useful.
 Otherwise it is no successes (MDR and
AIDS)
 http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
Treatment versus prevention medicine

This compromise is that a strong immune
system is fundamental if the body is to
resist infections. A medicine which controls
bacterial infection and sustains the immune
system is always preferable to a medicine
which kills bacteria but depresses the
immune system.

http://www.tcmpage.com/hpinfections.html
Modern medicine is same
traditional medicine
Modern
Medicine is consisted
of Traditional Medicine plus
Modern Technology,
Innovation and explorations.

http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org/articles/118/modern-vs--traditional-medicine
Testimony Cases
Chronic Ulcers and TM
Chronic Ulcer and TM
Ulcers and TM
Purple conflower ‫ گياه سر خار گل‬
matericaria recutita ‫ گياه بابونه آلماني‬
calendula Officinalis ‫ گياه هميشه بهار‬
arnica montana ‫ گياه هميشه بهار كوهي‬
‫‪Urinary Tract‬‬
‫‪ ‬گياه ذغال اخته براي موارد پيشگيري از عفونت هاي‬
‫ادراري و در درمان عفونت هاي ادراري همراه با آنتي‬
‫بيوتيك ها‬
upper respiratory infections.

‫ پنيرك‬،‫ گل خطمي‬،‫بنفشه سه رنگ‬
Fungal Infection:
Pharmaceutical Product

Mintagel.
 Source: Mentha Piperita
 Rc: ‫كچلي انگشت و كشاله ران پا و نيز اتهابات‬
‫سطحي‬
Fungal Infection:
Pharmaceutical Product

Leucorex

Source: Zataria Multiflora )‫(آويشن شيرازي‬

Vaginitis due to Candida and Gardenella
Fungal Infection
Pharmaceutical Product
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Echino Cream

Echinophora platy loba
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Chorin recurrent candid vaginitis
Immune System
Pharmaceutical Product
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Echiherb

Source: Echinacea Purpurea

Tonification of Immune system against
infection
Infectious Diseases and
Traditional Medicine!!!

1-Pay attention to correct diagnosis
 2-Perscription of correct Drugs
 3-administration of correct dosage and correct
duration
 4-they lead to:
 5-No resistance
 6-less complications
 7-Avoidence of advertisements of pharmaceutical
company