Transcript gsc10_grsc3_20_TIA US SDR Update2.ppt

Global Standards Collaboration
GSC#10
28 August – 2 September 2005
Sophia Antipolis, France
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Agenda Item:
GRSC-3 Item 5.7 Software defined radio & Cognitive radio
SDR Update
Presented by:
T. Russell Shields
Ygomi LLC
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Items for Discussion
 U.S. FCC Update on Cognitive Radio:
Report and Order of March 2005
 SDR issues
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ITU-R Activities
Terminology
Applications
Challenges
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U.S. FCC Update
 SDR Definition: “A radio that includes a transmitter in which the
operating parameters of frequency range, modulation type or
maximum output power (either radiated or conducted), or the
circumstances under which the transmitter operates in accordance
with FCC rules, can be altered by making a change in software
without making any changes to hardware components that affect
the radio frequency emissions.” (47 CFR. Sec. 2.1)
 Particularly suitable for shared use bandwidth
 Cognitive Radio features include
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Frequency agility
Listen before transmit
Dynamic frequency selection
Adaptive modulation
Transmit power control
Location awareness
Negotiated use
 Updated FCC Cognitive Radio Report and Order (March 2005)
 FCC continues to be favourable to cognitive radio and to evolve its rules
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U.S. FCC Objective and Measures
“To facilitate opportunities for flexible, efficient, and reliable spectrum
use by radio equipment employing cognitive radio technologies and
enable a full realization of their potential benefits.”
 Ensure that radios with software that is designed or expected to be
modified by a party other than the manufacturer have reasonable
security measures to prevent unauthorized modifications.
 Allow secondary use of spectrum while maintaining spectrum
availability for higher priority use when needed. But “no need” to
adopt a particular technical model for interruptible spectrum use.
 Valuable for emergency situations
 Removed requirement for manufacturers to supply FCC with radio
software source code
 Permit manufacturers to market radios that have the hardwarebased capability to transmit outside authorized U.S. frequency
bands provided they have software controls to limit operation to
authorized frequency bands
 Toward a “world” smart radio for automotive use
See: http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/attachmatch/FCC-05-57A1.doc
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History to Date
 2001 – FCC adopted changes to the equipment
authorization rules to accommodate SDR
 05/2003 – FCC workshop
 12/2003 – FCC adopted Notice of Proposed Rulemaking and
Order to explore uses of cognitive radio technology to
facilitate improved spectrum access
 11/2004 – FCC approved first SDR: Vanu, Inc. wireless GSM
base station
 03/2005 – FCC adopts rule changes for smart radios.
 05/2005-07/2005 – Several petitions for
reconsideration/clarification filed, including one from Cisco
 Concerned that device design often does not facilitate software
changes, when manufacturer intends no future software
changes, and does not intend others to make software changes
 Also concerned that the security measures that prevent
unauthorized modifications by end users may be at odds with
open source software licensing requirements
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ITU-R Activities
 ITU-R Working Party 8F: Approved Draft New ITU-R
Report M.[IMT.SDR]: “The impact of Software Defined
Radio [IMT.SDR] on IMT-2000, the future development
of IMT-2000, and systems beyond IMT-2000”
 ITU-R Working Party 8A: Developing Preliminary
Draft New ITU-R Report M.[LMS.SDR]: “Software
Defined Radios in the Land Mobile Service”
It is anticipated that both reports will be approved
at the ITU-R Study Group 8 meeting
on December 9-10, 2005
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SDR Terminology
 It would be useful if all SDOs and regulatory bodies adopted
a common terminology for SDR
 Some proposed definitions to standardize
 Software Defined Radio: “A radio that includes a transmitter in
which the operating parameters of frequency range,
modulation type or maximum output power (either radiated or
conducted), or the circumstances under which the transmitter
operates ... can be altered by making a change in software
without making any changes to hardware components that
affect the radio frequency emissions.” – adopted 2005-03-10 by
the U.S. FCC in its Cognitive Radio Report and Order
 Cognitive Radio: A radio or system that senses and is aware of
its operational environment and can be trained to dynamically
and autonomously adjust its radio operating parameters
accordingly.
• Note that cognitive does not necessarily imply relying on software.
Example: Cordless telephones have long been able to select the
best authorized channel based on relative channel availability.
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SDR Terminology (cont’d)
 Policy-Based Radio: A radio that is governed by a
predetermined set of rules for behavior. The rules
define the operating limits of such a radio. These rules
can be defined and implemented
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During manufacture
During configuration of a device by the user
During over-the-air provisioning and/or
By over-the-air control
 Software Reconfigurable Radio: A software defined
radio that (1) incorporates software-controlled antenna
filters to dynamically select receivable frequencies, and
(2) is capable of downloading and installing updated
software for controlling operational characteristics and
antenna filters without manual intervention.
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SDR Terminology (cont’d)
 Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS):
• A general term used to describe mitigation techniques that
allow, amongst others, detection and avoidance of cochannel interference with other radios in the same system
or with respect to other systems.
– current version of WP8A preliminary draft new
recommendation (PDNR) on SDR
• The ability to sense signals from other nearby transmitters
in an effort to choose an optimum operating environment.
– adopted 2005-03-10 by the U.S. FCC in its Cognitive
Radio Report and Order
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Key SDR Applications
 Land mobile systems, including IMT-2000
 Wireless Access Systems (WAS), including Radio
Local Area Networks (RLANs)
 Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR)
 Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)
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SDR for Land Mobile Systems
 A prime use of SDR will be to mitigate interworking
across multiple radio interface standards
 SDRs will impact several terrestrial-based mobile subsystems and interworking between them, particularly:
 User terminals, including reconfiguration to support
multiple radio interface standards and frequency bands
of operation, software version upgrades via over the air
software download, interoperability, and roaming
 Base stations and the controllers of a mobile radio
access network (RAN) to increase RAN flexibility
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SDR for Wireless Access Systems, including RLANs
 WAS devices can operate on either a licensed or
license-exempt basis, while RLAN devices generally
operate on a license-exempt basis
 License-exempt or unlicensed basis may raise some
issues
 License-exempt devices are generally used for personal,
localized purposes
 Supporting various operating parameters may materially
raise costs for device manufacturing and certification
 SDRs can reduce the uncertainty in product planning
and unreliability of quality of service in operation
 SDR will permit manufacturers to develop a product
once for global deployment, allowing jurisdictions to
tailor it to regional/local needs
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Use of SDR for Public Protection and
Disaster Relief/TDR
 SDR technology is important for PPDR/TDR because it
provides for operation/interoperability across multiple radio
interface standards and bands of operation,
e.g., to enable ...
 Interoperability among public safety agencies on multiple air
interfaces
 Overlays on existing systems without disruption
 Upgrades of legacy systems, including possible transition from
one radio interface to another
 Easy selection of RF band, air interface, and group affiliation
by users of portable SDRs
 SDRs can reduce the total ownership cost of public safety
wireless systems by reducing post-deployment operation
and maintenance costs
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Use of Software-Reconfigurable Radios in ITS
 In-vehicle safety requires in-vehicle data
communications units (DCUs) that can remain
connected for the vehicle’s entire service life
 Software reconfigurable radios can improve DCU
logistics and affordability
 Facilitates low-cost software reconfigurability
 Minimizes the need to physically replace hardware
 DCU software must be
 Updatable
 Remotely downloadable
 Able to support multiple data communications
capabilities
 Adaptable to new protocols and frequencies
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SDR Challenges (1)
 The timing of market opportunities/practicality is still
uncertain
 Standards development needs to be accelerated,
particularly for vehicle and public safety/PPDR use
 Regulatory issues abound
 Will continue to be an issue as widespread commercial
deployment and use evolves
 Devices must be licensed for multiple radio spectrum
 There are international regulation and political
implications
 Existing radios in vehicles must be licensed for new
spectrum and protocols
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SDR Challenges (2)
 Technical issues remain
 Smart antennas, security for software download, etc.
 Compatibility between devices and network
infrastructures
 Scalability
 Security
 Dynamic radio configuration – interoperability in
multiple networks needed simultaneously
 High data rates for next generation platforms
 Must meet the social need for vehicle safety radios
that work 25 years after design starts
 We cannot sell vehicles that protect only the initial
owner that drive them when they are new; must protect
all drivers for the entire service life of the vehicle
 Owners driving 15 year old vehicles are not likely to go
to an installation facility for a new safety radio
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SDR Update
Thank You!
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