Transcript ancient greece 3 handout

Ancient Greece
Section 3: Classical Greece
In this section you will learn about Greek
government and the traditional methods of
‘conflict resolution’ employed by ancient
civilizations.
1.
2.
3.
4.
What impact did the Persians Wars have on Greece?
How did Athens enjoy a golden age of Pericles?
List the causes/effects of the Peloponnesian War.
What political and ethical ideas did Greek philosophers
develop?
Key Terms
Age of Pericles: the period in Greek history
between 461 and 429 B.C. when Athens’ power and
brilliance was at its height (page 123)
Direct Democracy: a democratic system in which
people participate directly in government decision
making through mass meetings (page 123)
Ostracism: the Athenian practice of banning a
person from the city for 10 years, if at least six thousand
members of the assembly wrote the person’s name on
pottery fragments, called ostrakon (page 123)
The Challenge of Persia (page 121)
What two Persian rulers invaded Greece?
Xerxes
(circa 490 BCE)
Darius
(circa 334 BCE)
The Growth of the Athenian Empire (page 123)
What was the Delian League?
The Delian League was an alliance against the
Persians. Its headquarters was on the island
of Delos, but its chief officials were Athenians.
Peloponnesian War:
Delians verses Peloponnesians
A map of the Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C. From their
beginnings, the Greek city-states had tenaciously protected their
individual independence, and only with reluctance had they
formed an alliance against the Persians. After their defeat of the
Persians, Athens and others broke with tradition and formed a
permanent union, the Delian League (green areas), to prevent
further Persian attacks. In a few years, the more powerful Athens
turned the league into its own empire, which changed forever the
ancient Greek political ideal. Sparta and its allies (yellow areas)
looked on such a coalition as a threat to their safety which,
according to the Athenian historian Thucydides, "drove them to
war." The result was a drain on the resources of both sides, and
the beginning of a series of destructive, internecine wars. The
weakened cities easily succumbed to King Philip of Macedon
when he invaded Greece in 338 B.C.
The Age of Pericles (page 123)
What was Athenian government like during
the Age of Pericles?
In the Age of Pericles, every male citizen played a role in government. The
form of government was a direct democracy. Every male citizen over the
age of 18 was a part of the assembly and voted on all major issues.
Meetings of the assembly were held every 10 days. The assembly passed
all laws, elected public officials, and made final decisions on war and
foreign policy. On a daily basis, a large body of city officials ran the
government. Ten officials, known as generals, were the directors of
policy. These officials were elected. Lower-class male citizens were
eligible for public office, and officeholders were paid.
The Great Peloponnesian War (page 124)
What was the basic cause of the Great Peloponnesian War?
Sparta and the other Greek states feared the growing
Athenian Empire. A series of disputes between Athens and
Sparta led to the beginning of the war.
Three Results of the Peloponnesian War.
The Athenian
Empire was
destroyed.
The war
weakened all
Greek states.
It ruined any
possibility of
cooperation
among them.
Daily Life in Classical Athens
(page 125)
What was the role of women in
ancient Athens?
Women were citizens who could take part in religious
festivals, but otherwise, they were excluded from public life.
They could not vote or own property, and they received no
formal education. They were expected to bear children and
take care of their families and their homes. Their lives were
strictly controlled. If they left the house, they had to have a
companion.
Daily Life in Classical Sparta
What was the role of women in ancient Sparta?
Women in Sparta were expected to produce healthy sons for
the army, they were told to exercise and strengthen their
bodies. Spartan women actually had some power in society.
They could own land and if some relatives were unable to
attend their responsibilities they would be in charge. It was
rare to see a Spartan woman marry before the age of 20 but
the law of divorce was the same for men and women. Unlike
Athenian women, Spartan women were free to go anywhere
and they could wear whatever they wanted.
Sparta & Athens
Sung to the tune of “Itsy Bitsy Spider”
Spartans & Athenians both live in
Greece.
Spartans use their swords &
Athenians use their brains.
The Persians invaded Greece & the
Delian League was formed.
This made the Spartans mad, thus
the Peloponnesian War.