Transcript 3.6 The Respiratory System.pptx

Giving Oxygen to the Body
Removing Carbon Dioxide From the Body
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Provides oxygen needed by the body
Removes carbon dioxide produced as a result
of using energy for growth, repair and
movement
Works closely with the circulatory system
Gas exchange
◦ Bringing oxygen into the body
◦ Getting rid of carbon dioxide
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epithelial tissue that
lines the trachea and
bronchi produce mucus
(traps dirt).
epithelial tissue also
has cilia (microscopic
hair-like structures) to
move mucus and
foreign material out.
trachea (windpipe) is
supported by rings of
cartilage (connective
tissue) – keeps it open
for air to flow freely
Trachea (windpipe)
◦ tube that takes
air from the back
of the throat
down to the lungs
Bronchi
◦ as the trachea
approaches the lungs
it splits into two
bronchi, one bronchus
leads to each lung
◦ continues splitting into
small bronchiole tubes
ending in the alveoli
Alveoli (singular: alveolus)
 millions of alveoli provide a large
total surface area for greater
absorption of gases
 a thin, single layer of flattened
cells are on the wall of each
alveolus to decrease the distance
that gases need to diffuse across
 a dense network of capillaries
(tiny blood vessels) surrounding
the alveolus remove CO2 from
the blood and absorb O2
 Hemoglobin, the protein
found in red blood cells,
pick up O2 from the alveoli
to transport to the rest of
the body
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the circulatory system
provides a good blood
supply the lungs
the concentration of O2
in the blood that flows
through the lungs is
always less than the
concentration of O2 in
the air in the alveoli,
therefore O2 always
diffuses from alveoli
into the blood.
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involves the diaphragm (a large sheet of muscle
underneath the lungs) and the muscles between the
ribs.
an involuntary process that we can override while
talking but only temporarily
controlled by a part of the human brain that detects the
concentration of CO2 in our blood
Air Pathway
air enters through the nostrils (air is filtered by nose hair)
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nasal cavity (air is warmed and humidified)
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pharynx (throat)
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larynx (voicebox)
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trachea (windpipe)
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bronchi (there are 2, each leads to 1 lung)
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bronchioles
↓
alveoli (clusters of air sacs with a very large surface area,
surrounded by capillaries)
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All systems depend on the
diffusion of gases
Mammalian system is
complex
Fish use gills that are
directly exposed to water
Gases diffuse from the
fish’s blood to the water
Water must flow over the
gills
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Asthma-Some contaminants in some people will
trigger inflammation of the airways. People with
asthma inhale corticosteroids (using “puffers”) to
reduce the inflammation.
Tuberculosis (TB) – (infectious disease) Caused
by bacteria that infect and grow in the lungs
Cancers – can be caused by exposure to
carcinogens that are inhaled, especially from
tobacco smoke
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) –
Caused by a virus
 Read
over section 3.6, pg 91-95
 Label the diagrams
 Answer Pg 95 #1-6