Transcript Ch. 21

ADVANCING
VOCABULARY SKILLS
Fourth Edition
Sherrie L. Nist
© 2010 Townsend Press
Unit Four: Chapter 21
• decorum
• facilitate
• espouse
• orthodox
• exhilaration
• rejuvenate
• exorbitant
• synchronize
• extricate
• tenuous
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 decorum
– noun
• Decorum demands that you send a thank-you note for all
birthday gifts, even those you don’t like or will never use.
• In her newspaper columns, Miss Manners gives advice on
decorum in all kinds of situations. For example, she says that at
a dinner party, you must be polite even if you find a bug crawling
in your salad.
Decorum means
A. a difficult situation.
B. beauty.
C. proper conduct.
Photo: R. J. Stratchko/US Navy
Decorum requires that
sailors salute an admiral.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
1 decorum
– noun
• Decorum demands that you send a thank-you note for all
birthday gifts, even those you don’t like or will never use.
• In her newspaper columns, Miss Manners gives advice on
decorum in all kinds of situations. For example, she says that at
a dinner party, you must be polite even if you find a bug crawling
in your salad.
Decorum means
A. a difficult situation.
B. beauty.
C. proper conduct.
Photo: R. J. Stratchko/US Navy
Decorum requires that
sailors salute an admiral.
Sending a thank-you note for all birthday
gifts is being socially proper (showing
proper conduct). Miss Manners would
give advice on proper conduct—such as
ignoring a bug in your salad.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 espouse
– verb
• Some politicians espouse whatever ideas they think will win
them votes.
• People who espouse animals’ rights often find themselves in
conflict with scientists who argue for the use of animals in
medical experiments.
Espouse means
A. to speak for.
B. to argue against.
C. to study.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 espouse
– verb
• Some politicians espouse whatever ideas they think will win
them votes.
• People who espouse animals’ rights often find themselves in
conflict with scientists who argue for the use of animals in
medical experiments.
Espouse means
A. to speak for.
B. to argue against.
C. to study.
Politicians would speak for ideas that would win them votes. In contrast
with scientists who argue for the use of animals in experiments, some
people speak for animals’ rights.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 exhilaration
– noun
• After the last exam of the year, Olivia and I were so filled with
exhilaration that we skipped all the way to the car.
• A marching band gives most people a feeling of exhilaration.
The lively music makes them feel excited.
Exhilaration means
A. appropriateness.
B. happiness.
C. commitment.
Midshipmen feeling exhilaration at
graduating from the Naval Academy
Photo: Shawn P. Eklund/US Navy
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 exhilaration
– noun
• After the last exam of the year, Olivia and I were so filled with
exhilaration that we skipped all the way to the car.
• A marching band gives most people a feeling of exhilaration.
The lively music makes them feel excited.
Exhilaration means
A. appropriateness.
B. happiness.
C. commitment.
Midshipmen feeling exhilaration at
graduating from the Naval Academy
Photo: Shawn P. Eklund/US Navy
If they skipped to the car, they must
have been filled with happiness. The
lively music would give people a
feeling of happiness.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 exorbitant
– adjective
• Even if I were rich, I wouldn’t pay three hundred dollars for those
shoes. That’s an exorbitant price.
• The armed forces often spend exorbitant amounts on minor items,
including an eight-hundred-dollar ashtray and a toilet seat that cost
thousands of dollars.
Exorbitant means
A. estimated.
B. inconvenient.
C. extremely high.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 exorbitant
– adjective
• Even if I were rich, I wouldn’t pay three hundred dollars for those
shoes. That’s an exorbitant price.
• The armed forces often spend exorbitant amounts on minor items,
including an eight-hundred-dollar ashtray and a toilet seat that cost
thousands of dollars.
Exorbitant means
A. estimated.
B. inconvenient.
C. extremely high.
Most people would consider three hundred dollars is an extremely
high price for a pair of shoes. Eight hundred dollars for an ash tray
and thousands of dollars for a toilet seat are extremely high amounts
of money for those items.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 extricate
– verb
• The fly struggled and struggled but was unable to extricate itself
from the spider’s web.
• The young couple ran up so many debts that they finally needed
a counselor to help them extricate themselves from their
financial mess.
Extricate means
A. to untangle.
B. to distinguish.
C. to excuse.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 extricate
– verb
• The fly struggled and struggled but was unable to extricate itself
from the spider’s web.
• The young couple ran up so many debts that they finally needed
a counselor to help them extricate themselves from their
financial mess.
Extricate means
A. to untangle.
B. to distinguish.
C. to excuse.
The fly was not able to untangle itself from the spider’s web. A
counselor could help the couple untangle themselves from their
financial mess.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 facilitate
– verb
• Automatic doors in supermarkets facilitate the entry and exit of
customers with bags or shopping carts.
• For those with poor eyesight, large print facilitates reading.
Facilitate means
A. to decrease.
B. to cause.
C. to make possible.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 facilitate
– verb
• Automatic doors in supermarkets facilitate the entry and exit of
customers with bags or shopping carts.
• For those with poor eyesight, large print facilitates reading.
Facilitate means
A. to decrease.
B. to cause.
C. to make possible.
Automatic doors would make entry and exit with bags and shopping
carts possible. Large print would make it possible for those with poor
eyesight to read.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 orthodox
– adjective
• When Father McKenzie brought drums and electric guitars into
church, he shocked the more orthodox members of his congregation.
• The orthodox footwear for a sprint or distance race is some kind of
running shoes, but a champion Ethiopian runner competed in the
Olympics barefoot.
Orthodox means
A. revolutionary.
B. traditional.
C. important.
“I know it’s not an orthodox way
to start a new company, but
I figured I’d give it a try!”
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 orthodox
– adjective
• When Father McKenzie brought drums and electric guitars into
church, he shocked the more orthodox members of his congregation.
• The orthodox footwear for a sprint or distance race is some kind of
running shoes, but a champion Ethiopian runner competed in the
Olympics barefoot.
Orthodox means
A. revolutionary.
B. traditional.
C. important.
“I know it’s not an orthodox way
to start a new company, but
I figured I’d give it a try!”
Traditional members of the
congregation would be shocked by
drums and electric guitars in church.
Running shoes are the traditional
footwear for people running in races.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 rejuvenate
– verb
• The Fountain of Youth was a legendary spring whose water could
rejuvenate people.
• The grass had become brown and matted, but a warm spring rain
rejuvenated it, perking it up and turning it green again.
Rejuvenate means
A. to set free.
B. to excite.
C. to give new life to.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 rejuvenate
– verb
• The Fountain of Youth was a legendary spring whose water could
rejuvenate people.
• The grass had become brown and matted, but a warm spring rain
rejuvenated it, perking it up and turning it green again.
Rejuvenate means
A. to set free.
B. to excite.
C. to give new life to.
The Fountain of Youth would give new life to people. If the grass
perked up and turned green, the rain must have given it new life.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 synchronize
– verb
• The secret agents synchronized their watches so that they could
cross the border at exactly the same minute.
• We need to synchronize the clocks in our house: the kitchen
clock is ten minutes slower than the alarm clock in the bedroom.
Synchronize means
A. to coordinate.
B. to repair.
C. to find.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 synchronize
– verb
• The secret agents synchronized their watches so that they could
cross the border at exactly the same minute.
• We need to synchronize the clocks in our house: the kitchen
clock is ten minutes slower than the alarm clock in the bedroom.
Synchronize means
A. to coordinate.
B. to repair.
C. to find.
If the agents want to cross the border at the exact same minute, they
would coordinate their watches. If there is a ten-minute difference
between the two clocks, they should be coordinated.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 tenuous
– adjective
• It doesn’t take much to destroy an already tenuous relationship.
Something as slight as forgetting to telephone can cause an
unstable relationship to collapse.
• Del was opposed to the Equal Rights Amendment, but his
position seemed tenuous. He couldn’t support it with any facts,
and his logic was weak.
Tenuous means
A. shaky.
B. easy.
C. established.
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 tenuous
– adjective
• It doesn’t take much to destroy an already tenuous relationship.
Something as slight as forgetting to telephone can cause an
unstable relationship to collapse.
• Del was opposed to the Equal Rights Amendment, but his
position seemed tenuous. He couldn’t support it with any facts,
and his logic was weak.
Tenuous means
A. shaky.
B. easy.
C. established.
If a relationship is unstable, it is shaky. Since Del couldn’t support his
position with any facts and his logic was weak, his position was shaky.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. decorum
B. espouse
C. exhilaration
D. exorbitant
E. extricate
F. facilitate
G. orthodox
H. rejuvenate
I. synchronize J. tenuous
1. Ignoring all standards of cafeteria _________, students
sat on the tables and threw French fries at each other.
2. Some premature babies are so tiny and weak that their
hold on life is very __________.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. decorum
B. espouse
C. exhilaration
D. exorbitant
E. extricate
F. facilitate
G. orthodox
H. rejuvenate
I. synchronize J. tenuous
1. Ignoring all standards of cafeteria _________,
decorum students
sat on the tables and threw French fries at each other.
Sitting on the tables and throwing fries is ignoring the standards
of acceptable behavior.
2. Some premature babies are so tiny and weak that their
hold on life is very __________.
tenuous
A very tiny premature baby would have a very shaky hold on life.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. decorum
B. espouse
C. exhilaration
D. exorbitant
E. extricate
F. facilitate
G. orthodox
H. rejuvenate
I. synchronize J. tenuous
3. The ads for the anti-wrinkle cream claim that it will
___________ aging skin.
4. The new restaurant went out of business because of its
___________ prices.
5. The children’s ___________ at the amusement park was
contagious—their parents soon felt excited too.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. decorum
B. espouse
C. exhilaration
D. exorbitant
E. extricate
F. facilitate
G. orthodox
H. rejuvenate
I. synchronize J. tenuous
3. The ads for the anti-wrinkle cream claim that it will
___________
rejuvenate aging skin.
Anti-wrinkle cream would claim to make aging skin seem young again.
4. The new restaurant went out of business because of its
___________
exorbitant prices.
Excessive prices could put a new restaurant out of business.
5. The children’s ___________
exhilaration at the amusement park was
contagious—their parents soon felt excited too.
The children’s high spirits would make the parents excited too.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. decorum
B. espouse
C. exhilaration
D. exorbitant
E. extricate
F. facilitate
G. orthodox
H. rejuvenate
I. synchronize J. tenuous
6. If you’re giving a dinner party, preparing some food platters
ahead of time will __________ your work when the guests
arrive.
7. At age two, Carlos got his head stuck between the bars
of an iron railing. His parents had to call the fire
department to come and __________ him.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. decorum
B. espouse
C. exhilaration
D. exorbitant
E. extricate
F. facilitate
G. orthodox
H. rejuvenate
I. synchronize J. tenuous
6. If you’re giving a dinner party, preparing some food platters
ahead of time will __________
facilitate your work when the guests
arrive.
Preparing some platters ahead of time will make your work easier later on.
7. At age two, Carlos got his head stuck between the bars
of an iron railing. His parents had to call the fire
department to come and __________
extricate him.
If Carlos’s head was stuck, the fire department would have to free
him from the iron railing.
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. decorum
B. espouse
C. exhilaration
D. exorbitant
E. extricate
F. facilitate
G. orthodox
H. rejuvenate
I. synchronize J. tenuous
8. During the 1960s and 1970s, there were bitter clashes
between those who ______(e)d the United States’
involvement in Vietnam and those who were opposed to it.
9. New members of the water ballet club have trouble
coordinating their swimming, but with practice, the group is
able to __________ its movements.
10. “The __________ treatment in this kind of case,” the doctor
said, “is surgery followed by chemotherapy. But some
specialists are exploring the possibility of using surgery alone.”
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A. decorum
B. espouse
C. exhilaration
D. exorbitant
E. extricate
F. facilitate
G. orthodox
H. rejuvenate
I. synchronize J. tenuous
8. During the 1960s and 1970s, there were bitter clashes
between those who _________
espoused the United States’
involvement in Vietnam and those who were opposed to it.
Those who supported the war clashed with those who opposed it.
9. New members of the water ballet club have trouble
coordinating their swimming, but with practice, the group is
able to __________
synchronize its movements.
For water ballet, the group needs to coordinate its movements.
10. “The __________
orthodox treatment in this kind of case,” the doctor
said, “is surgery followed by chemotherapy. But some
specialists are exploring the possibility of using surgery alone.”
The doctor contrasts the traditional treatment with a new treatment
some specialists are exploring