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•Exam #1 W 2/11 at 7:30-9pm in BUR 106 •Bonus posted Phenotype Genotype Fig 13.5 The inheritance of genes on different chromosomes is independent. Fig 13.5 Approximate position of seed color and shape genes in peas Y y Gene for seed color Fig 13.8 r Chrom. 1/7 R Chrom. 7/7 Gene for seed shape The inheritance of genes on different chromosomes is independent: independent assortment Fig 13.8 Fig 13.8 meiosis I meiosis II The inheritance of genes on different chromosomes is independent: independent assortment Fig 13.8 Fig 13.5 Inheritance can be predicted by probability Probability of a 4= 1/6 Probability of two 4’s in a row= 1/6x1/6=1/36 Probability of 3 or 4 = 1/6+1/6= 1/3 “and” multiply “or” add Huntington’s Disease D=disease d=normal Neurological disease, symptoms begin around 40 years old. Huntington’s Disease Mom = dd D=disease d=normal Dad = Dd Dad D or d d Dd Mom or d Dd dd dd possible offspring 50% Huntington’s 50% Normal Two different people: One with Huntington’s disease = Dd Hh One without Huntington’s disease = dd Hh mate. What is the probability that their offspring will have Huntington’s disease and sickle cell anemia? (Dd hh) Two people: One with Huntington’s disease = Dd Hh One without Huntington’s disease = dd Hh mate. What is the probability that their offspring will have Huntington’s disease and sickle cell anemia? Probability of each outcome: Probability of Dd (Ddxdd) = .5 Probability of hh (HhxHh) = .25 Dd hh Two people: One with Huntington’s disease = Dd Hh One without Huntington’s disease = dd Hh mate. What is the probability that their offspring will have Huntington’s disease and sickle cell anemia? Dd hh Probability of each outcome: Probability of Dd (Ddxdd) = .5 Probability of hh (HhxHh) = .25 Multiply both probabilities .25 X.5 = 12.5% chance Dd hh offspring Fig 13.5 Tracking two separate genes, for two separate traits, each with two alleles. Ratio of 9:3:3:1 Fig 13.13 Some crosses do not give the expected results CB 15.5 Heterozygous wild type Homozygous wild type gray w/ normal wings black w/vestigial wings b+ b vg+ vg b b vg vg Fig 13.13 =25% 42% 41% 9% 8% Does this show recombination? D/d M1/M2 d/d M1/M2 D/d M1/M2 d/d M2/M2 D/d M2/M2 d/d M2/M2 Does this show recombination? D/d d/d D/d M1/M2 M1/M2 M1/M2 arental ecomb. d/d M2/M2 D/d M2/M2 d/d M2/M2 Why fewer recombinants than parentals? Fig 13.13 =25% 42% 41% 9% 8% Fig 13.14 These two genes are on the same chromosome Fig 13.14 These two genes are on the same chromosome, and close together. Fig 13.15 Homologous pair of chromosomes Fig 13.13 By comparing recombination frequencies, a linkage map can be constructed = ? m.u. By comparing recombination frequencies, a linkage map can be constructed = 17 m.u. Fig 13.16 Linkage map of Drosophila chromosome 2 Only 2 of the 4 chromosomes can cross-over. Fig 13.14 Recombinants Fig 13.16 Linkage map of Drosophila chromosome 2 Recombination is not completely random. physical distance Yeast chromosome 3 linkage map A single gene with 2 alleles only has a few phenotypes Traits coded for by multiple genes have a variety of Fig 13.19 phenotypes Height of males at Conn. Ag. College in 1914 Wheat color shows wide variation... Fig 13.20 Fig 13.20 ...and is coded for by three genes. •Exam #1 W 2/11 at 7:30-9pm in BUR 106 •Bonus posted