Transcript 06_IH_Safety.PPT

Industrial Hygiene and Construction Safety
Issues
Margaret E. Lumia
D&D Lessons Learned Workshop
June 25-26, 2002
PPPL
June 25-26, 2002
D&D Lessons Learned Workshop
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Industrial Hygiene
The science and art devoted to the anticipation,
recognition, evaluation, and control of
environmental hazards arising from the
workplace that may cause sickness, impaired
health and well-being, or significant discomfort
among workers or among the citizens of the
community (AIHA Membership Directory, 1995).
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Industrial Hygiene
Responsibilities:
• Perform daily inspections for the D&D project.
• Review and approve Job Hazard Analysis forms.
• Review and comment on procedures to ensure
proper safety and health protection.
• Perform air monitoring, noise surveys and
dosimetry, ventilation surveys.
• Minimize the amount of near misses and accidents.
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Accidents
In calendar year 2001 the number of injuries more than
doubled from the previous year.
Rate
Recordable Injuries Per 100 employees Per Year
7.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Year
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Accidents
FY2000 Injuries/Illnesses
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
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No. of Injuries/illnesses
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Accidents
• Common industrial hazards that were encountered
include:
– working at elevation
– cutting/drilling metal structures
– repetitive motions
– chemical use
– noise
– falling objects
– housekeeping
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Evaluation of the Hazard
• For each work procedure there was a Job Hazard
Analysis (JHA).
• Originally this was written by Engineering and
reviewed by Industrial Hygiene.
• Now, the workers themselves fill out the JHA
form and have Industrial Hygiene review them.
• This allows those that are familiar with the job,
and the associated hazard, to evaluate the work to
be performed and suggest controls.
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Evaluation of the Hazard
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Evaluation of the Hazard
Example of Control Measures to Consider:
Engineering Controls
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Administrative Controls
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Ventilation (fume hoods, elephant
trunks, local exhaust systems)
Fall Protection (Guardrails, toe
boards)
Machine Guards, Chip Guards
Platforms, Scaffolds
Engineered Equipment Design

Use less hazardous chemicals


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Noise enclosure, absorption, mufflers
Vibration dampeners
Temporary lights
Welding Screens
Mechanical lifting aids
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Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Permits (Confined Space, RWP, Hot Work,
Digging, Penetrations, Flame)
Procedures

Hard Hats

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Face Shields
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Gloves (leather, kevlar, neoprene,
nitrile, latex,)
Coveralls

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Safety Shoes
Ear Plugs/Muffs
Respirator / Dust
Mask
Lab Coat / Apron

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Boots / Booties
Safety Glasses /Goggles
Full Body Harness & lanyards

Worker Rotation, Rest Breaks
Specific training for job/location
Signs & Labels, Warning alarms ("high
level")
System or Job Walk down
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Flame retardant /flash resistant
clothing
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Safety watch, Buddy System
Lockout/Tagout
Spill Containment
Barricades
Training/Qualification/Certification:
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Emergency Equipment:
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Fire Extinguishers
Telephones/Radios
Sprinkler System
Alarms
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Retrieval Equipment
First Aid equipment
Eye Washes & Safety Showers
*Explanations:
*Chemicals: List names or types of chemicals to be used. Be sure to use proper protective equipment for the chemical (one glove material will not
protect against all chemicals). Contact Industrial Hygiene for more information and proper PPE selection.
*Ergonomics: Never lift more than 50 pounds. Frequent lifting of lighter weight objects can also cause injury. Repeating body motions (such as
continual use of wrenches) frequently can cause injury.
*Noise: High noise can damage hearing. If you must shout to be understood 3 feet away, you may be damaging your hearing. Both noisy areas and
loud tools must be considered.
*Sharp Objects/Tools: Sheet metal, knives, razor blades, and metal that has been cut or machined may cause cuts or punctures. Cut resistant gloves
(such as Kevlar) must be worn. Leather is NOT a cut resistant material.
*Working Surfaces: Consider slip/trip/fall hazards, tight areas, uneven floors, holes.
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New Procedures and Training
Tooling Procedure
• A collaboration of senior technicians, project
managers, industrial hygienists, and construction
safety was formed to determine which tools
required specialized training and qualification.
• A new procedure and JHA was written for these
specific tools.
• Training and qualification programs were
developed and implemented.
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New Procedures and Training
Tooling Procedure (cont.)
• Some of the tools included in this procedure were
electric saws, clamshell cutters, pneumatic tools,
and hydraulic tools.
• Each worker had to have documented training and
qualification before they were allowed to use the
tools.
• Each worker also had to follow the written
procedure for the use of each specific tool.
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Pre and Post Job Briefs
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Pre and Post Job Briefs
• Before the start of each new task, a pre-job brief
was held.
• All the workers involved would attend along with
the accountable technical individual (ATI), the
procedure author, health physics, industrial
hygiene, and construction safety.
• The JHA would be reviewed and any other
potential hazards would be discussed. A review of
the procedure and how the work would be
conducted was also discussed.
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Pre and Post Job Briefs
• An open discussion of any concerns and the types
of hazard controls was encouraged.
• Once the job was completed, a post-job brief
would be held.
• Everyone discussed how the job progressed.
• Any problems or corrective actions that occurred
were reviewed.
• Everything that was discussed was documented
and used as a reference for future work.
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Safety Meetings
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Safety Meetings
• A safety meeting was held at the same time and
place every week.
• All the workers were required to attend.
• This meeting was used as a time to refresh training
for related health and safety issues.
• At the end of each meeting, everyone was
encouraged to point out any near misses or safety
concerns that had occurred during the past week.
• These meetings tried to have a relaxed atmosphere
that encouraged workers to speak their mind.
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Accidents
All of the safety meetings, JHAs, new
procedures and training resulted in…..
A drop of the percentage of D&D
recordable accidents versus the
total PPPL accidents from 36% in
CY 2000 to 21% in CY 2001.
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Controlling the Hazard
Engineering Controls
• This is the method of control that engineers out
the hazard by initial design specifications or by
applying methods of substitution, isolation,
enclosure, or ventilation.
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Controlling the Hazard
Diamond Wire Cutting
(DWC)
• An enclosure was used to
protect the workers from
moving parts (the wire and
pulleys).
• Ventilation was a major
component of the DWC
system to collect dust that
may contain silica or
tritium.
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Controlling the Hazard
Disposal of mercury
light bulbs.
• Protects the worker
from mercury
exposure.
• Protects the worker
from sharp broken
glass.
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Controlling the Hazard
Administrative controls
• Reduce employee
exposure by
scheduling reduced
work times, employee
training, and
informative signs.
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Controlling the Hazard
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• PPE was used when it was not feasible to
make the work area free of all hazards.
• This is a secondary control method and used
as a last resort.
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Controlling the Hazard
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Controlling the Hazard
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Controlling the Hazard
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Controlling the Hazard
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Controlling the Hazard
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Safety Programs
Confined Space
• Any partially or completely enclosed space which
is:
– Large enough that a worker may bodily enter
– Has limited or restricted means of entry or egress
– Is not designed for continuous human occupancy
• Workers must complete confined space training
every two years before they are allowed to worked
in a confined space.
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Safety Programs
DWC
• The enclosure for the DWC was designated a
confined space.
– Potential oxygen deficient atmosphere.
– Moving machinery (wire and pulleys).
– Dust (possibly containing silica and tritium).
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Safety Programs
Confined Space Access Checklist
(to be fill out for every entry)
Entrant:____________ Date/Time:_______
Prior to Entry.
Initials
• Before entry into the
enclosure, the workers
had to complete a check
list.
___ 1. Assure the exhaust blower system is operating.
___ 2. Physically disconnect and DANGER tag the
enclosure’s Two (2) CO2 lines at the tank valves.
___ 3. All power supplies (Hydraulic Unit) disconnected,
locked, & tagged.
___ 4. The drive motors are to be locked and tagged out
by the safety watch only.
___ 5. Ventilate the enclosure for 15 minutes to allow
airborne dust to settle. This is only when airline
respirators will be worn, otherwise ventilate for
60 minutes.
___ 6. Remotely assure both enclosure cells have 20.9%
O2 concentration (contact IH if 20.9% is not
achieved).
___ 7. Station a Safety Watch outside the enclosure.
___ 8. The first person entering the enclosure uses the
O2 monitor to check all areas for 20.9% O2
concentration.
___ 9. Confined Space Permit is signed-off.
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Safety Programs
• Some of the items on the check list include:
– Checking the oxygen level from ports located outside the
enclosure.
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Safety Programs
– Locking and tagging out the the CO2 system and the
power supply.
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Safety Programs
– Donning respiratory protection.
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Safety Programs
– If the oxygen monitor alarmed while the workers were
inside the enclosure, they were to leave immediately
and contact Industrial Hygiene.
• The confined space program for the DWC
operation was very successful.
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Lead Abatement
A significant industrial hygiene concern during the
Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) of the
Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) was the oxidation of
the lead bricks’ surface. These bricks were utilized for radiation
shielding. This presented both airborne exposure and
surface contamination issues for the workers in the field
removing this material.
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Lead Abatement
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Lead Abatement
Decontamination Methods:
• After each area was cleared of the lead bricks, the workers
wiped the surface areas down with Windex ™ and then
used a High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter vacuum
(HEPA) to remove any lead dust
• Next, an adhesive pad was placed down in a designated
area. Pressure was applied to the pad and then it was
removed and discarded as hazardous waste.
• The next mitigating method used was Stripcoat TLC
Free™ strippable paint. The paint was applied to a small
area and left to dry over night.
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Lead Abatement
Lead Decontamination of Floor via Strippable Paint
700
600
500
400
µg/ft²
300
200
100
0
before strippable paint was
applied
after strippable paint was
applied
This technique was successful in reducing the lead oxide dust to below the HUD guidelines.
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Lead Abatement
Sampling Techniques:
• The sampling techniques described in the OSHA
Technical Manual, Chapter 2 “Sampling for surface
contamination” were used.
• Using a Lead Wipe ™ brand wipe, the area was wiped
starting at the outside edge and progressing towards the
center of the surface area.
• The analytical method used by the outside laboratory was
the modified NIOSH 7300 method.
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Lead Abatement
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Lead Abatement
Conclusions:
• After an extensive literature search, it was concluded
that this was the first time strippable paint was applied
as a mitigation technique for the safe removal of lead
oxide surface dust contamination.
• After various techniques, including water, Windex ™,
Acetic acid, and sticky pads, were used, it was determined
that the application of the Stripcoat TLC Free ™ strippable
paint provided the most effective means of removing lead
oxide surface dust.
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Lead Abatement
Conclusions (cont.):
• The strippable paint was both highly effective in reducing
lead oxide surface dust and cost effective, due to the single
application process.
• It is recommended that for flat, porous surfaces contaminated
with lead oxide surface dust, that the strippable paint be
utilized to reduce the level of this toxic material to an
acceptable level, in this case below the HUD guidelines.
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Lead Abatement
• To prevent future oxidation of the lead bricks,
some type of coating had to be applied.
• Several different products were tested, including
enamels, conathane, dipping plastics, and
polyurethanes.
• These products were rated for adhesion to the
bricks, durability, thickness of coating, and given a
rough handling test.
• The polyurethanes had the best results.
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Lead Abatement
Lead bricks coated with two part Rust-O- thane™
Polyurethane and labeled for future use.
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Lead Abatement
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Thanks
• To John Bennevich for providing the
majority of the photos.
• To Jerry Levine for providing the accident
statistics.
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