Transcript MacLachlan - Economic Geography II.ppt

Time, Space, and Development:
An Introduction to Economic
Geography
Geography 1010B
Tuesday/Thursday
9-11 October 2007
Ian MacLachlan
http://people.uleth.ca/~maclachlan/
Questions? [email protected]
1
Review of Last Wednesday

Regional Economic Structure



Growth and Development: Case of Coalhurst
Economic Sectors
Structural Change, Development

Global and national scale
2
Regional Economic
Development Today

Generalize about Regional Economic
Development
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
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Modernization Theory
Dependency Theory
Agglomeration
Global Assembly Line
Global Office
3
Theorizing about Economic
Development


Shift from empirical representations…
to theoretical generalizations
4
Stages of Economic Development
Walter W. Rostow’s Economic
Development Model
5
Modernization Theory

Myth of developmentalism
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Inevitability of progress
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Exploitation was integral to stages
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Competition in a crowded field

Barriers to growth & development
6
Dependency Theory

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Marxist theory originating in Latin America
Core and periphery concept
Development of core comes at expense of
periphery
Colonialism and exploitation by imperial
powers
Neocolonialism and exploitation by TNCs
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Dependency Theory

Underdevelopment is an active process



Underdevelopment ‘develops’
Uneven exchange of low value resources
for high valued manufactures
Wealth and development of the global
core is a product of the poverty and
underdevelopment of the periphery
8
Regional Economic Development



Structure and growth
Classification, structural change and economic
development
Scales of analysis

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

Coalhurst
Canada
The World
Tools for thought!
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EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE:
PRINCIPLES OF LOCATION
Material inputs
Labour (skills)
Processing costs
Market pull
Government policies
10
CATTLE BUTCHERS

Packinghouse
aristocrats

Semiskilled


Hazards


Injuries
Knifework


difficult
bravado
Status

stigma
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MEATPACKING WAGES AS A PCT. OF
P e r c e n t o f m a n u f a c tu r in g a v e r a g e w a g e
MANUFACTURING
115
110
105
100
95
Comparatively well paid!
90
85
80
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
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EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE:
PRINCIPLES OF LOCATION
 Market
orientation
Beverages
Perishables
Newspapers
(printing)

13
EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE:
PRINCIPLES OF LOCATION

Raw material
orientation
Resource
processing

Grain/oilseed mills
 Meat packing
 Mineral ore
concentrators
 Forest products

Natural Valley Farms,
Neudorf, Saskatchewan
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EVERYTHING IN ITS PLACE:
PRINCIPLES OF LOCATION
External

Agglomeration effects


Linkages: up and down
Localization economies


economies
Shared access to specialty inputs e.g. labour
Infrastructure (fixed social capital)
Infrastructure
 Social capital


Urbanization economies
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GLOBAL ASSEMBLY LINE

Transnational firm
Nineteenth century
 Teck-Cominco, Alcan (Rio-Tinto, 2007)
 MacMillan-Bloedel (Weyerhaeuser, 1999)
 Magna, Bombardier – mfg.

Market access – tariff factories
 Global sourcing


Intrafirm trade: 75% of US imports by 1970
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GLOBAL ASSEMBLY LINE

World products, global scale
Export processing zones
 Dependent on trade


Local products



Cement blocks
Newspapers
Food service
Global homogenization of preferences?
 100 mile diet?

17
Source: Boeing
 Everett, WA, largest building in the world

18
GLOBAL OFFICE
Banking, finance, business services
 Back office functions


suburbanization
Offshoring of back offices
 Call centres

Technical support
 Ireland, India, Moncton, Lethbridge

19
CONCLUSION
Economic activity shapes regions
 Global trends
 Regions constrain economic functions
 Economic geography:

How people earn their livings
 How livelihood systems vary by region
 How economic activities are interconnected in space

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