Transcript Intro 2015 Part II - After Summer Test.ppt

Aristotle: The Rhetorical
Triangle
Audience
Speaker’s
Persona
Subject
Subject: what you know, what you need to know; research
Audience: consider the reader’s expectations, knowledge, and
attitude
Speaker’s Persona: the speaker’s voice of the paper; a
compilation of experience and/or observation to bring purpose to
the work.
Revised Rhetorical Triangle
Critical Reading Strategies
Audience
Purpose
Subject/
Occasion
Speaker’s
Persona
Subject: what you know, what you need to know
Occasion: The time, place, context, or current situation of the piece.
Audience: consider the reader’s expectations, knowledge, and attitude
Purpose: The reason behind the text; such as, to inform, to persuade.
Speaker’s Persona: the speaker’s voice of the paper; a compilation of
experience and observation to bring purpose to the work.
Rhetorical Appeals
• Ethos
• Ethical appeal
• Author’s credibility
• Pathos
• Author’s appeal to a reader’s emotions
• Logos
• Author’s appeal to reason and logic
Analysis Writing THEN and NOW:
Working with Literature
In Summary … Analysis – breaking something into parts to understand
how the parts work together to make the whole work.
• THEN:
• Example: How does setting work as a strategy in The Adventures of
Huckleberry Finn?
• Central setting: the Mississippi River
• The setting becomes a metaphor for a journey, a journey from immaturity
to wisdom, a journey towards an understanding of the need for racial
equality.
• Look for patterns and strategies that writers use to develop their
meaning (Close Reading):
•
•
•
•
•
Descriptive details of the setting
What occurs in the setting
How the central characters behave in the setting
Contrasts; similarities
Style elements
Analysis Writing THEN and NOW:
Working with Non-Fiction
• NOW:
• Key difference: looking for STRATEGIES OF PERSUASION
• Large concepts – how an author uses ideology in his argument
• Smaller concepts – how an author uses metaphor to emphasize
his argument
• Your part in interpretation:
• FORMULATE your own arguments about WHY these strategies are
important to the argument or meaning of the text.
• PICK AND CHOOSE the strategies that you recognize as most
central to the text’s argument.
• Example: Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” speech
• Focus on King’s use of metaphor to move audience to identify
with his vision of social justice.
• Classical Rhetorical Analysis/Style
• Focus on King’s use of Christian ideology to challenge those who
disagree with him.
In Summary…
• As a reader, writer or speaker, consider the
following:
• Audience
• Readers or listeners
• Context
• Circumstances or social situations in which
works are written or read
• Purpose
• Writer’s or speaker’s goal
• Consider the following question:
•
As an experienced and successful student,
what would you recommend to your classmates
who are concerned about their junior year?
In Summary …
Audience, Context, Purpose
• A Possible Response:
• Serious, honest reflection of your knowledge
and experience
• Considered only “the assignment,” limiting
your audience to me, the teacher
• The purpose might be “a grade.”
• The critical thinker might give a serious, honest,
personal response, but will also consider a
broader audience and a less limited purpose.
Audience, Context, Purpose
• Example:
• It is important to make time for sleep and for fun. As a
junior, I took three AP classes and was a member of the
Pep Squad. Demands on my time were overwhelming. I
organized my time for each day, making sure that I got
plenty of sleep and I organized my week so that I had
at least one day work-free. The year was a challenge
but I never lost my energy and I scored a five on each
AP test!! I urge all students to follow my plan and to
stick with it.
• Evaluate the above response:
• Audience – peers, some you don’t know, some you do
• Context – contemporary circumstances that you share with
the audience
• Purpose – what response do you want? what is your purpose?
Audience, Context, Purpose
• Example: What would you recommend to your
classmates?
• Response: Don’t copy online essays; Blogs are a much
better source and less noticeable, if you know what I
mean.
• Evaluate the above response:
• Audience – peers, some you don’t know, some you do
• Context – contemporary circumstances that you share
with the audience
• Purpose – what response do you want? what is your
purpose?
You go to college to get a good job.
Analyze the above statement:
• What does “good” mean?
• Does a social worker or a police officer (with a degree)
making $35,000 a year have a “good job”? Did they get what
they should have out of college?
• The statement lists a good job as the only reason for
attending college.
• Where is the logic in this?
• Do you agree or disagree with the premise of this statement?
• What does the statement suggest about the value of
education or the value of work?
• To consider such questions is a part of Rhetorical
Analysis: the analysis of the persuasive strategies
and purposes of texts.
Classical Rhetorical
Analysis/Style
• A simple start:
• Diction – the words the author uses
• Formal, colloquial, technical
• Connotation; denotation
• Concrete vs. abstract; general vs. specific
• Imagery – visuals; use of sensory details
• Details – facts and/or items
• Consider what is NOT stated
• Language – figures of speech; tropes
• Syntax – simply put: sentence structure
Narrative Analysis
• REMEMBER
• Consider the parts of the work.
• Inspect each part to see how it relates to the whole.
• Think about how the author went about creating the
narrative and why.
• Consider the following to get started:
•
•
•
•
Point of View of Narrator
Time
Order or Sequencing
Description
Writing your Analysis of a
Narrative
• Analysis presents what you, the reader,
discovers.
• As a writer, you will make rhetorical choices:
•
•
•
•
•
How to establish an ethos
How to arrange your essay
What elements you wish to emphasize
Which elements you wish to deemphasize
What examples would best illustrate your claims