Transcript genetically manipulated animals

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elated
Genetically Manipulated
Animals
By: Craig Schimmer
Ryan Richards
Andrew York
Grayson Phillips
What is a Transgenic Animal and
How is it produced?
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Webster's Definition:
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Transgenic: being or used to produce an organism or
cell of one species into which one or more genes of
another species have been incorporated
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Ex: a transgenic mouse or transgenic crops
How it’s done?
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3 ways:
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Microinjection of Pronuclei
Retroviral Insertion
Stem Cell Insertion
Examples of Transgenic Animal
Uses
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Aedes Mosquitoes males were genetically
manipulated to be sterile, released into the
wild to mate with the females, thus
reducing the population of mosquitoes
because the female only mates once.
Pro or Con?
PRO!!!
Reducing the chance of malaria outbreaks
and other diseases that mosquitoes carry
 Combating the number one parasitic disease
in the world that could save thousands of lives
 Reduces the cost for further medical relief for
third world countries who have malaria
outbreaks
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Next Example
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Transgenic Cows being released into
general population that have higher than
normal muscle mass
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Resulting in higher amount of beef per cow
and lower beef prices in the market
Pro or Con?
CON!!!
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The consumption of genetically altered animals
have not been thoroughly studied and could
have unforeseen consequences, possibly even
be fatal to humans if consumed
The are no FDA regulations on genetically
altered animals that are made for human
consumption
The companies producing these products, are
not required to label the products as genetically
altered animals
Here is a thought, you could have possibly eaten
a genetically altered animal today!!!!
Pros vs. Cons
 Agriculture
 Animal
 Medicine
 Higher
 Industry
 Unforeseen
Consequences
Cruelty
Mortality Rate
 Ethical
and
Moral Issues
Agriculture - Pros
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The EnviroPig
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A reduced amount of Phosphorus produced in the
waste of these pigs
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More environmentally friendly by reducing greenhouse gases
Transgenic cattle
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Created to produce milk containing particular human
proteins, which may help in the treatment of human
emphysema.
Created to produce milk for specific dairy products.
Agriculture - Cons
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Unexpected Genotypic traits of Transgenic
Animals
Enlarged organs
 Lack of physical features
 Addition of unwanted physical features
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Transgenic animals not proven safe for
human consumption
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No FDA regulation or warning of genetically
altered animal products.
Medicine - Pros
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Transgenic Mice
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Used in working with study the role of actively dividing
blood cells in studying how inflammation, autoimmune
syndromes and many metabolic alterations form.
Cancer Resistant mice
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Professors of UK found the “Par-4” gene in the prostate that
kills cancer Cells but not normal cells
Transgenic Mosquitoes
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Aedes aegypti OX513A males were genetically
manipulated to contain a lethal allele that kill the
progeny in late larvae or pupae stage were released
into the wild to mate with the females, thus reducing
the population of mosquitoes because the female only
mates once.
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Reducing the chance of dengue or malaria outbreaks and
other diseases the mosquitoes carry
Medicine – Pros Cont’d
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Xenotransplantation
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Transplantation of animal organs and cells
into humans
 Uses
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could include heart, lungs, liver, and kidneys
Bone Marrow Transplant Mice
Medicine - Cons
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Animal Cruelty
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Although, a pro for humans, the suffering these
animals go though living with human diseases is a
form of animal cruelty
Virus Jumping in Xenotransplantation
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Whenever animals organs are transplanted into
humans, the diseases that affect those animals can
be transferred into humans and can be transmitted to
the rest of the population
Industry - Pros
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GloFish
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Genetically altered Zebra Fish that glow
Created a new market for “decorative fish” that people
wanted to purchase
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Simply put, they are genetically altered pets
Spider Silk Sheep
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Goats are genetically altered to produce biosynthetic
milk with spider silk proteins.
These proteins are used in the production of bullet
proof clothing reducing the cost of such items to law
enforcement and military.
Industry - Cons
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High Mortality rate
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1 out of 100 attempts produce a successful
genetically manipulated animal.
Expensive to produce these animals
 KFC chickens produced just for
consumption
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No feathers or wings
Unforeseen Consequences
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Scientist don’t know what the future holds for
evolution among nature and humans in regard to
transgenetics because the unknown
consequences they may bring forth. The science
of transgenesis is new and the possibilities are
vast, but the consequences are unknown.
Another issue is where to draw the line ethically.
What is the difference between for the good of
mankind and playing God.
Sources
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Pursel, V.; Rexroad Jr, C. Status of Research with Transgenic Farm Animals.
[http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/71/suppl_3/10] Journal of Animal Science 71:10-19; 1993.
Margawati, E. Transgenic Animals: Their Benefits to Human Welfare.
[http://www.actionbioscience.org/biotech/margawati.html] ActionBioscience.org.
Forsberg, C.; Phillips, J.; Golovan, S.; Fan, M.; Meidinger, R.; Ajakaiye, A.; Hilborn, D.; Hacker R. The Enviropig
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VName=PQD.
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Xenotransplantation How Bad Science and Big Business Put the World at Risk from Viral Pandemics. Institute of
Science in Society. Retrieved March 22, 2010 from http://www.i-sis.org.uk/xeno.php
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and Development. 13: 2713-2724; 1999
GM goat spins web based future. BBC News. Retrieved on March 22, 2010 from
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci/tech/889951.stm.
Transgenic Posibilities
Dolion
Lemurat