Transcript Unit 1 Part 1 [ ppt - 3.1 MB]

Unit 1 – Part 1
Introduction to
United Nations Peacekeeping
Why is this important for me?
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
Core PDT Materials 1st Ed. 2009
Why is this important for me?
As peacekeeping personnel you…
• Represent the United Nations, and
• You carry out decisions made at United Nations
Headquarters in New York
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
Core PDT Materials 1st Ed. 2009
Unit 1 - Part 1
Learning Outcomes
On completion of Unit 1 – Part 1, participants will be
able to:
1. List the main bodies involved in UN
peacekeeping
2. List the five types of peace and security activities
used by the Security Council
3. Explain the main differences between traditional
and multidimensional peacekeeping operations
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When did the UN come into
existence?
“We the peoples of the United Nations…”
a. 24 October 1945
c. 2 September 1945
b. 26 June 1945
d. 18 April 1946
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The United Nations (UN)
• Forerunner – “League of Nations”
• First use of “United Nations” at Declaration by
United nations”
• 50 countries signed Charter on 26 June 1945
after WWII
• Members ratify Charter and UN established on
24 October 1945
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How many countries are members
of the United Nations?
192 states
Republic of Montenegro
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28 June 2006
United Nations Charter
• The Charter is an international treaty that guides the
work of the United Nations, including peace and security
activities
• An International Treaty to which our nations are
signatories
• Sets out the rights and obligations of Member States
• Establishes the United Nations organs and procedures
• Codifies the Major Principles of
International relations
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United Nations Charter
Preamble
WE THE PEOPLES OF THE UNITED NATIONS DETERMINED
 to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war, which twice
in our lifetime has brought untold sorrow to mankind, and
 to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth
of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of
nations large and small, and
 to establish conditions under which justice and respect for the
obligations arising from treaties and other sources of international law
can be maintained, and
 to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger
freedom,
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United Nations Charter
Preamble
AND FOR THESE ENDS
 to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as
good neighbors, and
 to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security, and
 to ensure, by the acceptance of principles and the institution of
methods, that armed force shall not be used, save in the common
interest, and
 to employ international machinery for the promotion of the economic
and social advancement of all peoples,
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United Nations Charter
Preamble
HAVE RESOLVED TO COMBINE OUR EFFORTS TO ACCOMPLISH
THESE AIMS:-
Accordingly, our respective Governments, through representatives
assembled in the city of San Francisco, who have exhibited their full
powers found to be in good and due form, have agreed to the present
Charter of the United Nations and do hereby establish an international
organization to be known as the United Nations.
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Main UN Bodies in Peacekeeping
Adapted from UN Peacekeeping Operations
Principles & Guidelines, pg. 67
UN-Specific Use of Terms
Strategic
as defined in DPKO/DFS policies
• High level political decision-making and
management of a UN peacekeeping
operation at UN HQ
Operational • Field-based management of a
peacekeeping operation at Mission HQ
Tactical
• Management of military, police and civilian
operations below the level of Mission HQ
• Supervision of individual personnel
• Exercised at various levels by subordinate
commanders of specific components and
civilian heads at levels below the Mission HQ
The Gallery
Group Activity
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The Gallery
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
Core PDT Materials 1st Ed. 2009
The Gallery
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
Core PDT Materials 1st Ed. 2009
The Gallery
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
Core PDT Materials 1st Ed. 2009
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
Core PDT Materials 1st Ed. 2009
UN Peacekeeping Operations
Principles & Guidelines, pg. 19
Conflict Prevention
• The use of diplomatic measures or other tools to
prevent inter/intra state tensions from turning
into violent conflict
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Peacemaking
• Measures to deal with existing conflicts
• Usually involves diplomatic action to bring hostile
parties to a
negotiated
agreement
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Peace Enforcement
• Coercive measures, including military force, used to
restore international peace and security
• Only with the authorization of the Security Council
• May be authorized without consent of conflict parties
if there is a threat to international peace or for
humanitarian & protection
purposes
• Important differences between
‘robust peacekeeping’ and
peace enforcement
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Peacekeeping
• Designed to preserve the peace, where fighting has
ended, and to assist in implementing the peace
agreement
• It may involve:
―
mostly military
techniques of
observing cease-fires
or
―
complex multidimensional models
involving military,
civilian and police
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Peace-building
• Long-term process of creating conditions for lasting
peace by:
―
working on root causes of the conflict
―
supporting security sector reform
―
―
assisting in
rebuilding of
justice systems
supporting national
human rights
institutions
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Linkages and Overlaps in Peace and security Activities
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UN Peacekeeping Operations
Principles & Guidelines, pg. 19
Post-Conflict Tasks & Actors
Stabilization
Transition
ECONOMIC GOV
Long-term
Development
IFIs: World Bank/IMF
INFRA INVESTMT
CIVIL ADMIN
ELECTIONS
POLITICAL
SECURITY
Peacekeeping
Operation
DDR
UN Country Team,
Donors, NGOs
RULE OF LAW
CAPACITY BLDG
HUMANIT ASST
ICRC / Humanit. NGOs
Conflict
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Time
Sustainable Peace
LOCAL INSTITUTIONS
Post-Conflict
Tasks
Different Types of UN
Peacekeeping Operations
• Traditional Peacekeeping
• Multi-dimensional Peacekeeping
• Transitional Authority
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Traditional Peacekeeping
• Observation, monitoring and reporting – using
static posts, patrols, over-flights
or other technical means
• Supervision of cease-fire
and support to verification
mechanisms
• Interposition as a buffer
and confidence-building
measure
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
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Multi-dimensional Peacekeeping
• Deployed in dangerous aftermath of internal conflict
• Create a secure and stable environment
• Employ a mix of military, police and civilians to support
implementation of
a peace agreement
• Support establishment of
legitimate and effective
governance institutions
and Rule of Law
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Transitional Authority
• A UN multi-dimensional peacekeeping operation
that temporarily assumes the legislative &
administrative functions of the State:
―
―
until sovereignty questions are resolved, or,
to establish administrative structures that may
not have existed previously.
• A rarely used measure
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Special Political Missions (SPMs)
• Three types of SPMs:
– Field Missions
– Special Envoys
– Expert Panels to monitor Security Council
sanctions
• SPMs vary in mandate, size and duration
• Field missions have very few or no uniformed
personnel
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
Core PDT Materials 1st Ed. 2009
UN Pre-Deployment Training (PDT) Standards
Core PDT Materials 1st Ed. 2009
Unit 1 - Part 1 Questions
1. Who are the members of the United Nations?
a. The Security Council
b. The 192 Member States
c. DPKO, DPA and DFS
2. What is the international treaty that spells out the rights and duties of
the Member States of the United Nations?
3. What is the main body within the United Nations that is responsible for
maintaining peace and security?
4. What are the five main peace and security activities which the Security
Council might authorize in cases of conflict?
5. What are some of the tasks of a “traditional” peacekeeping operation?
6. What are some of the tasks that the military, police and civilian
personnel of a “multi-dimensional” peacekeeping operation are
responsible for?