Transcript Engineering, ICT and Technologies for Energy and Transportation

“Engineering, ICT, and
technologies for Energy
and Transportation”
“Engineering, ICT, and technologies for Energy and
Transportation”
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• AUTOMATION
• BUILDINGS
• PHOTOVOLTAIC
SYSTEMS
• ENGINES
• MANUFACTURING
• INDUSTRIAL
PROCESSES
• PRODUCTIVE
PROCESSES
ENERGY
TRANSPORTATION
ENERGY EFFICIENCY
COMBUSTION
DISTRIBUTED ENERGY
GENERATION
HYDROGEN AND FUEL
CELLS
RENEWABLE ENERGY
ENERGY SAVING
NUCLEAR FUSION
MATERIALS
POLLUTANTS ABATEMENT
DIAGNOSTICS
BIO-FUELS
ENGINES
ICT
FUTURE INTERNET
DATA MINING
ONTOLOGIES
SEMANTIC WEB
GRID/CLOUD COMPUTING
MULTIMODAL,
MULTIDIMENTIONAL CONTENT
MULTIDIMENSIONAL MEDIA
SECURITY
BIOINFORMATICS
COMPLEX SYSTEMS
MODELING
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ROBOTICS
ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES
TURISM
WOOD
NANOTECHNOLOGIES
SENSORS
TEXTILE
SAFETY
“Engineering, ICT, and technologies for Energy and
Transportation”
Institutes (22)
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Sections (32)
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URT (3)
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INSTITUTE
Istituto per l'Energetica e le Interfasi
ACRONYM
IENI
HEADQUARTERS
Padova
Istituto Fisica del Plasma
Istituto Gas Ionizzati
Istituto Motori
Istituto Ricerche sulla combustione
Istituto di Tecnologie Avanzate per l'Energia "Nicola
Istituto nazionale per gli Studi ed Esperienze di
Istituto di Acustica e Sensoristica "O.M. Corbino"
Istituto per le macchine agricole e movimento terra
Istituto dei materiali per l'elettronica ed il magnetismo
Istituto di studi sui sistemi intelligenti per l'automazione
IFP
IGI
IM
IRC
ITAE
INSEAN
IDASC
IMAMOTER
IMEM
ISSIA
Milano
Padova
Napoli
Napoli
Messina
Roma
Roma
Cassana (FE)
Parma
Bari
Istituto per le tecnologie della costruzione
ITC
Istituto di tecnologie industriali e automazione
ITIA
Istituto di Informatica e Telematica
Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "A.
Istituto di Analisi dei Sistemi e Informatica "A.Ruberti"
Istituto di Matematica Applicata e Tecnologie
IIT
ISTI
IASI
IMATI
Istituto per il Rilevamento Elettromagnetico
IREA
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1
3
3
2
1
1
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Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dell'Informazione e IEIIT
Istituto di Calcolo e Reti ad Alte Prestazioni
ICAR
Istituto di Fisica Applicata "Nello Carrara"
Istituto per le Applicazioni del Calcolo "Mauro Picone"
IFAC
IAC
SECTIONS
Lecco
Genova
Milano
Pavia
Brescia
Torino
Genova
Palermo
Genova
San Giuliano Milanese Bari
L'Aquila
Milano
Padova
Roma
Milano
Bari
Roma
Vigevano
Pisa
Pisa
Roma
Firenze
Pavia
Milano
Genova
Napoli
Milano
Sirmione
Torino
Milano
Bologna
Genova
Pisa
Padova
Rende (CS)
Napoli
Palermo
Sesto Fiorentino
Roma
Napoli
Firenze
Bari
“Engineering, ICT, and technologies for Energy and
Transportation”
PERSONNEL
Institutes (22)
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Professional
Profile
Permanent
Staff
Temporary
Staff
TOTAL
Sections (32)
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URT (3)
3
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Researchers and
Technologists
767
146
913
Adminstrative
and Technicians
531
56
587
1.298
202
1.500
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
INCOME
FUNDING SOURCE
National Projects
International (UE) Projects
Regional / Local Projects
Cooperation with Public Administrations
Cooperation with Private Sector (Industry, SMEs)
Consultancy (Research and Services)
OTHER
YEAR (2011)
18.343.051,42
13.133.204,70
3.732.572,61
2.659.524,07
404.917,69
26.189.158,83
2.602.690,22
TOTAL
67.065.119,54
Energy and Transportation STRATEGY
Fossil Fuels
and Coal
Nuclear
Hydraulic
Energy
Thermal
Energy
Air
Conditioning
Mechanical
Energy
Electricity
Thermal
Mechanical
U S E R S
Electricity
Biomass and
waste
Solar Energy
Geothermal
Energy
Fossil Fuels
and Coal
Wind
Energy
Nuclear
Energy from
seas
Hydraulic
Energy
Thermal
Energy
Air
Conditioning
Mechanical
Energy
Electricity
Thermal
Mechanical
U S E R S
Hydrogen
Thermal
Mechanical
STORAGE
Electricity
Electricity
FC
H2 &
Biofuel
CCS
Storage
New
generation
PV
Heat pump
Smart
grid
Electro
mobility
Combustion
Smart
building
Co-trigeneration
Geothermal
Solar
cooling
Air
conditio
ning
Eco
mobility
RES
Inte
gration
Materials, components and stacks development for
Polymeric Electrolite Fuel Cell (PEFC)
Activity
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Development of materials and
components (electrocatalysts,
electrodes, membranes);
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Design and stack realization;
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Single cell and small stack tests.
Aim
• Increasing of the specific power;
• Enlarging the range of temperature;
• Improvement of CO tolerance.
PEFC
DAFC
SOFC
SYS
Materials, components and stacks development for
Polymeric Electrolite Fuel Cell (PEFC)
Mini-Stack
for Portables
PEFC
DAFC
SOFC
SYS
Stack – 3 kW
Working at high temperature (120 °C)
95%RH Fuel – 49%RH air
Corrent
150A
Voltage at 120°C in H2
22 V
Voltage a 120°C in H2CO2
21 V
Rated Power a 120°C in H2
3300 W
Rated Power a 120°C in H2CO2
3150 W
Materials, components and stacks development for
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
PEFC
DAFC
SOFC
SYS
Aim
Specific applications
Residentia
l
Activity
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Cathode and anode catalysts
with high performance at low
temperature;
Electrode supported, low
temperature, easy scale-up
production;
Development of thin film
electrolytes for Intermediate
Temperature;
Test of single cells and stacks.
• Decrease of working
temperature @ 500 –
700°C;
• Increase lifetime (> 10000 h)
and catalyst activity;
Public service
• Increase power density (>
500 mW/cm2 @ 0.7 V or
higher).
• Decrease the cost
• Direct oxidation of anhydrous
hydrocarbons
Materials, components and stacks development for
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC)
Bipolar plate Stack assembling (100 W) SOFC
Based on metallic connector
PEFC
DAFC
SOFC
SYS
Bicycle project “BHYKE”
Bicycle assisted cycling fueled wit H2 joint venture between CNR ITAE e TRE.
BICICLETTA
CARATTERISTICHE TECNICHE
Potenza Massima
250 W
Coppia Massima
15 Nm@66 rpm
Tensione Motore elettrico
24V DC Regolata
Accumulo Idrogeno
Stato Solido (Idruri Metallici)
Capacità di Accumulo
900 Sl@12bar
Autonomia
150 km@pedalata assistita
Peso Totale
26 Kg
Project “H-BUS”
Electric
Bus
with
Batteries and fuel cell
as range extender
“HY-Tractor” Project
Industria 2015
CNH
CNR-ITAE
CRF
SAPIO
ENEA
Envipark
“GREENSHIP” Project
Micro Wind
(500 W)
Solar
Panels
(570 W)
Load
Curve
Desalinator
Electrolyzer
H2 Storage
(metal hydride)
Batteries
Fuel Cell
Hydrogen production from fossil fuels
Hydrogen production from renewables
Fuels production from waste and refuse
Alternative clean-fuels production
1kW Stack PEM
Electrolyzer stack PEM 300 W
10-cell stack
3-cell stack
0.6 A·cm-2 @ 1.65 V/cell)
990 W @ 0.6 A·cm-2
0.6 A·cm-2 @ 1.65 V/cell
80 Nl/h
250 Nl/h
300 W @ 0.6 A·cm-2
1kW electrolyzer system PEM
Voltaggio Stack
14-20 V
Corrente nominale
60 A
Temperatura
20-80C
Produzione H2
250 Nl/h
Produzione O2
125 Nl/h
Efficienza di sistema (HHV) at 40 °C
65%
Efficienza di Stack HHV) At 40 °C
85%
Consumo di potenza elettrica al valore nominale di capacità [W]
1000
Hydrogen Production from Renewables
HPFF
HPFR
FPWR
ACFP
Project R-H2
H2
E.E
electrolizer
Fuel Cell
Hydrogen Storage
Storage of Electricity
Adsorption Heat Pumps
Hydrogen Storage
Activity
Aim
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•Development of adsorbent
materials – based on metal
hydrides, zeolites and
carbon nanotubes – with
high hydrogen storage
capacity;
•Development of
mathematical models for
simulation of storage
systems;
•Design and development of
hydrogen storage systems
for automotive applications.
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Characterization of
materials for physicochemical sorption of
hydrogen;
Measurement of
hydrogen storage
capacity by
thermogravimetric
method;
Energy balance of
hydrogen storage
systems;
Design of storage tanks
metal hydrides-based.
BILANCIA A SOSPENSIONE
MAGNETICA
GAS INERTE
MAGNETE IN PRESA
MAGNETE IN
SOSPENSIONE
GAS
HSTO
AHP
SOE
10000000
Potenza specifica (W/kg)
1000000
Capacitors
Incresing of the
specifc power
100000
10000
1000
Electrochemical
supercapacitors
100
Batteries
Fuel cells
10
1
0.01
0.1
1
10
Energia Specifica (Wh/kg)
100
1000
HSTO
ZEBRA BATTERY
SOE
AHP
Storage system for renewable
DISCHARGE and CHARGE mode
Potential / V
2.6
2.4
45.28 Ah @ 2.0 V
45.18 Ah @ 2.2 V
2.2
2
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
Time / s
Actual specific power: 150 W/Kg
Actual energy density: 120 Wh/kg
50 kWh
Aim: 250 Wh/kg
180000
Heat pump
condenser
desorber
thermal
electric
energy
compressor
adsorber
evaporator
Adsorption Heat Pumps
HSTO
AHP
Aim
Activity
• Development of new
adsorbent materials;
• Development of
adsorbent beds with
improved heat transfer
properties;
• Mathematical modeling;
• Design and realization
of prototypes.
• Realization of
compact adsorbers
by coating tecnique
of adsorbent
materials on metallic
surfaces
• New adsorption air
conditioners with high
values of COP and
SCP for domestic
and mobile
applications
SOE
Adsorption Heat Pumps
Stationary applications
•Power: 5 kW cooling
•COPc : 0.3 – 0.6
•SCP: 300 W/kg - 15 kW/m3
Prototypes
HSTO
AHP
SOE
Adsorption Heat Pumps
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Cabin truck air conditioning
Power: 2.5 kW cooling
COPc : 0.2 – 0.4
SCP: 500 W/kg - 15 kW/m3
Prototypes
HSTO
AHP
SOE
RFC
Solar Cooling
SG
ADSORPTION
COOLING
MACHINES
SC
Solar Cooling
RFC
SC
SG
Activity
Aim
•Measurement of
thermo-physical
properties of new
sorbents (equilibrium
curves, adsorption
kinetics, etc);
• Realization of adsorption air conditioners (cooling
power up to 20 kW) driven by solar energy
•Realization of
advanced prototypes;
•Economic and
energetic study of the
system and
integration with
traditional
technologies
• Development of materials with high
adsorption/desorption capacity driven by low
temperature heat source
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)
Third generation PV
Development
of
photo-anode
nanostructured and colorants capable to
obtain a high absorption over all the solar
spectrum, mainly near infrared.
Development of low cost counter-electrode
alternative to Platinum
Development of stable electrodes
12
State of art:
• Efficiency between 5 and 10 %
Current /mA cm-2
10
8
6
4
2
0
Polarizzazioni
sotto illuminazione AM1.5
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Photovoltage /V
Aim:
• Efficiency > 10 %
• Life time15-20 years
• Cost reduction
RFC
SG
Smart Grid
Microgrid
SC
Smart Grid – multi source hybrid system
CNR-ITAE
RFC
Messina – ITALY
SC
SG
PV
System
Solyndra
Wind
Turbine
MSE-CNR
Agreement
Fuel Cell
Nexa Ballard
Tozzi RWE
Italian Power
Network Research
Power Management
FC
INVERTER
INVERTER
Isola
Interface
Device
Remote
control
switches
PV
INVERTER
FC-DC/DC
Converter
TA
Current
AC Electronic
Load
Island
Batteries
The plant allows to:
Set different load cycles in the range 0-5kW;
Enable / disable the operation of generators from renewable sources;
Characterize different electrochemical storage systems;
Regulate the current from the storage system and FC to the AC bus;
Switch grid-connected/stand alone configuration and vice versa;
Collect all the significant parameters for data analysis.
Interface
Relays
Trafo
220/24V
Energy
Storage
Saft
Li-Ion 48V, 45Ah,
2300Wh
POWER MANAGEMENT
The Electronic Management System
allows to change the storage policy
control (power quality, bridging power,
energy management) and to monitor all
electrical characteristics.
Infrastructures
for maritime design and testing
Two towing tanks
#1)
Among
the
largest
worldwide (470 x 13.5 x 6.5 m,
carriage max. speed 15 m/s);
#2) Half of #1, but equipped
with a wavemaker for rough
sea experiments
Laser facilities (Doppler or
Particle
Image
Velocimeters),
acoustic
probes etc.
Water flume
(with inclined floor)
Two circulating channels
Sloshing lab
Prototype/model factory
Renewable ocean energy
From marine propulsors models to
tidal turbines:
Time-accurate simulations of flow
field around
complex bodies
Wake modeling: wake-blade, pylonwake interactions
Pressure distribution on
blades
Experimental test for determination of turbine hydrodynamic
efficiency.
Possible optimization of design.
Fusion Activities
CNR Fusion R&D activities are performed within the ENEA-CNR
EURATOM Association in the following main areas:
1.
Fusion Physics and Technology studies at the national experiments
FTU (Frascati, Rome) and RFX (Padova)
2.
Participation to the construction of ITER : Auxiliary Heating
Systems and Diagnostics (magnetic sensors, LIDAR system,
reflectometry, neutron & γ-ray spectroscopy)
3.
ITER Accompanying Program: participation to the operations of the
european experiment JET and of other EU tokamaks (TCV, AUG), to
the construction of the Japanese experiment JT60SA* and to the
project of the European satellite experiment FAST
*in the framework of the EU_Japan Broader Approach Agreement
Fusion Physics and Technology : RFX experiment
RFX is the largest Reversed
Field Pinch experiment at
present in operation. It can
achieve up to 2MA and is
equipped with an innovative
system for plasma instabilities
control
CNR has constructed and operates
the experiment
Main results:
Successful demonstration of quick
(10ms) stabilization of plasma
instabilities;
Experimental evidence of selforganization and spontaneous
regimens of enhanced performance
Participation to the construction of ITER:
the Electron Cyclotron System
CNR (IFP) participates to two
European consortiums for the
design of the ECRH system for
ITER
CNR is mainly involved in
1) the realization of matching
bolometric loads (1-2MW and
170 GHz ) to be operated CW
on the EU gyrotron for ITER
2) the design of the EC wave
power launcher: optimization
of EC wave physics, and
implementation of the real time
(100ms) f.b. control system for
the instabilities control
Department for:
“Engineering, ICT, and technologies for Energy and Transportation”
ENERGY
Energy Saving
Combustion
Renewable Energy
Nuclear Fusion
Diagnostics
Biofuels
Fuel Cells
Buildings
Photovoltaic Systems
Means and systems for
mobile land and sea
surface
Transportation
Diagnostics
Engines
Sensors
Safety and Security
AEROSPACE
Engines
Safety and Security
Diagnostics
INTELLIGENT FACTORY
Automation
Robotics
Engines
Manufacturing
Industrial Processes
Processi produttivi
Robotics
Wood
Textile
SMART CITIES AND
COMMUNITIES
Distributed Energy
Smart Grid
Engines
Energy Efficiency
Intelligent Buildings
Turism
Social Inclusion
Security
Cloud Computing
Future internet