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What is What will be UNDER THE HOOD and IN THE TANK ?

DAY 3 Hydrogen By John Zavalney

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Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

• Most abundant element in the universe • Composes about 75% of the universal elemental mass • Atomic number 1 • Colorless, odorless and tasteless • Diatomic gas: H 2 • Naturally occurring elemental hydrogen is relatively rare on Earth.

• Energy Carrier:Moves & stores energy

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Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

Producing H 2 (g)

• By-product: When metals & strong acids or bases mix • Reformation: Industrial steam reformation of natural gas • Electrolysis: Decomposition of water due to an electric current passing through it

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Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

Producing H 2 (g)

1. By-product: When metals & strong acids Zinc plus an acid (H + ) produces hydrogen gas

Zn + 2 H

+

→ Zn

2+

+ H

2

Not practical for commercial production

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Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

Producing H 2 (g)

2. Reformation: Industrial steam reformation of natural gas Methane plus steam produces hydrogen gas

CH 4 + H 2 O → CO + 3 H 2

Uses a nonrenewable fossil fuel

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Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

Producing H 2 (g)

3. Electrolysis: Decomposition of water due to an electric current passing through it Water plus electricity produces hydrogen gas

2H 2 O(aq) + e → 2H 2 (g) + O 2 (g)

It takes energy to decompose water

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Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

video of solar electrolysis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TNuExC8kVKE

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H 2 H + H + H + H + e -

Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

Electrolysis Chemistry Cathode Reduction Reaction Cathode Reduction Site e e 1. H 2 O -> H + 2. H + + e + OH -> H 3. H + H -> H 2

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O 2

Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

Electrolysis Chemistry Anode Oxidation Reaction Anode Oxidation Site 1. (OH ) -> Anode 2. 4 OH -> O 2 + 2 H 2 O + 4e OH OH OH OH e e e -

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Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

Hydrogen Fuel Cells • Hydrogen can be stored as a gas or liquid • Hydrogen is reacted with oxygen to produce electricity • An electric motor turns the transmission “How Stuff works” fuel cells

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Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

Fuel Cells What do you know ?

Learn more

Fuel Cell Quiz

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Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

Hydrogen Internal Combustion Engine • Hydrogen gas stored in pressurized tank • Hydrogen burns in a modified ICE • Power output for Hydrogen is 42% more than gas using carburetors and 20% with injectors • Combustion formula including nitrogen in the air is H 2 + O 2 + N 2 = H 2 O + N 2 + NO x

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Alternative Fuels HYDROGEN

PROS • True Zero Emission Vehicle • No operational greenhouse gas emissions • Very highly efficient • More energy pound for pound than gasoline : better mileage CONS • Hydrogen is not naturally occurring: it must be produced • Fuels are expensive • Fuels currently last 7300 hours 2