Transcript 2012 11 17 14 14 27 158

Grammar: the Infinitive
不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,由
“to+动词原形” 构成，没有人称和
数的变化，在句中不能独立作谓语。
但不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特
征，在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语
补足语、表语、定语、状语等。
一.结构 : to do
(否定) not to do
二. 时态与语态
不定式
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
to do
to be done
进行式
to be doing
----------
完成式
完成进行式
to
have
been
to have done
done
to have been ---------doing
辨别下面不定式在句子中充当的成分:
1. It is good to help others. subject
2. It is my ambition to make sure that the
disabled people in our neighborhood have
access to all public buildings. subject
3. My ambition is to work in the computer
industry when I grow up. Predicative (表语)
4. I don’t have time to sit around feeling
sorry for myself.
attribute
5. I am the only student in my class to have
a pet snake. attribute
6. A big company has decided to buy
it from me.
object
7. My fellow students have begun to accept
me for who I am.
object
8. I have had to work hard to live a normal
life.
Adverbial (状语)
9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed.
adverbial
10. We must call on local government to
give financial assistance to disabled people.
object complement
一. 不定式在句中的功能
1. 作主语:
那样做是很幼稚的.
To act like that is childish.
为避免句子出现 “头重脚轻”现象，常用it
做形式主语，将真正主语的不定式后置。
要学好英语不是那么容易的。
e.g. It is not easy to learn English well.
2. 作宾语
她喜欢谈论这件事情。
e.g. She loves to talk about the matter.
他希望不久能找到工作。
He hopes to find a job soon.
他答应不把这事告诉任何人。
He promised not to tell anyone about it.
常接不定式做宾语的动词有：
afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt,
begin, bother, care, choose, continue, dare,
decide, demand, expect, fail, hate, hope, learn,
long, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer,
prepare, promise, prove, refuse, want, wish等.
1) 不定式有时和连接代词/副词构成宾语。
你记得哪一条路到那儿吗？
Do you remember which way to get
there?
下一步干什么你决定了吗?
Have you decided what to do next?
我来问他怎么样开这机器。
I’ll ask him how to operate the
machine.
2) 有时不定式由whether引起。
I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry
about it.
3) feel, find, judge, make, think, believe,
consider 等动词后如果是不定式做宾语，
补语是形容词(间或是名词)，常用it作形
式宾语，把不定式后移。
I find it difficult to work with him.
3. 作宾语补足语:
动词+宾语+带to的不定式
She asked me to stay there.
Please allow me to introduce Mr. White
to you.
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
My brother asked me to clean the room
with him.
常带 to 的不定式做宾语补足语的动词有:
ask, beg, prefer, help, promise, wish, want,
expect, permit, request, allow, command,
tell, invite, cause, encourage, warn, advise,
persuade, force, order, remind, teach, 等.
在主动结构中, 下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应
省略to: “五看”(see, watch, notice, observe, look at)
“三使”(make, let, have) “两听”(hear, listen to)
“一感觉”(feel)。
e.g. Who made him work all night long?
The policeman saw a child play in the street.
Don’t make the children do such heavy work.
Shall I have him come here?
但是, 改为被动结构后, 应补出省略的to。
e.g. He was seen to break the window.
The policeman saw a child play in the street.
A child was seen to play in the street by
the policeman.
4. 作表语
不定式可用作表语，说明主语的具体内容。
My work is to clean the room every day.
我的梦想是成为一名医生。
His dream is to be a doctor.
我的工作是帮助病人。
My job is to help the patient
5. 作定语
不定式放在被修饰的名词、代词后面，往往
表示未发生的动作。
I have a lot of work to do.
She is the first student to come to school.
I have some books for you to read.
She is looking for a room to live in.
There is nothing to worry about.
6. 作状语
目的状语: 常用的结构—to do; in order to do,
so as to do, so/ such …as to do, etc.
I come here to say good-bye to you.
结果状语: 常与only , enough 或too连用。
He studied hard only to fail the exam.
He is old enough to go to school.
原因状语: 一般用在句尾
I’m glad to see you.
She wept to see the sight.
二. 不定式的否定结构：
不定式的否定结构多由“not +不定式”构成，
否定副词 not, never, seldom, hardly 等要置于
to前。
请告诉你的小孩不要在街上玩耍。
Please tell your child not to play in the street.
她检查名字为了不犯错误。
She checked the names so as not to make
mistakes.
三. 不定式的时态：
1.一般时表示的动作, 有时与谓语动词表示的
动作同时发生, 有时发生在谓语动词表示的
动作之后。
He seems to know this.他似乎知道这事。
I hope to see you again. 我希望再见到你。
2. 完成时表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的
动作之前。
很抱歉给了你这么多麻烦。
I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.
3. 一般进行时表示的动作正在进行, 与谓语
动词表示的动作同时发生。
他好象正在吃什么东西。
He seems to be eating something.
4. 完成进行时表示的动作从过去开始并延续
至说话的时候。
据说她研究这问题有好多年了。
She is said to have been working on the
problem for many years.
四.独立成分
to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth
to tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.
To tell you the truth, I don't
like the way he talked.
五.固定句型
1. had better/had best + (not) do sth.最好
（不）做某事
2. cannot but
3. cannot choose but
+do sth. 不得
不做……
4.
cannot help but
5. Why (not) do sth.?
6. …prefer to do/prefer doing
7. …prefer + n./doing to + n./doing
8. …prefer + to do sth. rather than (to)
do sth.
9. …would rather +句子（过去式）（虚拟语气） 要做…
10. advise建议
allow允许
doing sth.
+
permit允许
sb. to sth.
forbid禁止
11. want/wish/promise + (sb.) + to do sth.
hope + to do sth.
12. hoped, promised, wanted
wished, expected, planed
+ to have done
should/would like
表示过去没有实现的期待、计划或愿望
Practice
1. She reached the top of the hill and stopped
C on a big rock by the side of the path.
______
A. to have rested
B. resting
C. to rest
D. rest
A
2. We’re planning ______
a party next week.
A. to have B. have C. having D. had
3. ---Which do you prefer ____
B your weekends,
fishing or watching TV?
----Neither.
A. Spending
B. to spend
C. being spent
D. spend
A the pie out of the oven?
4. Did you find out _____
A. When to take
B. to take
C. have taken
D. being taken
5. _____
B get a complete picture, further
information is needed.
A. In order that
B. In order to
C. Being
D. To have
A some English grammar.
6. It’s necessary ____
A. for students to learn
B. for students learning
C. of students to learn
D. of students learning
C him the news, but I forgot to
7. I ought to ____
do so.
A. remember to tell
B. remember telling
C. have remembered to tell
D. have remembered telling
D you the exciting news, but you
8. I ____
were not at home.
A. meant telling
B. meant to telling
C. meant to having told
D. meant to tell
高考链接
1. I like getting up very early in
summer. The morning air is so
good ______.
(2008全国I卷)
B
A. to be breathed
B. to breathe
C. breathing
D. being breathed
2. – Did the book give the information you
needed?
A it, I had to read the
– Yes. But _____
entire book. (2008北京卷)
A. to find
B. find
C. to finding
D. finding
3. I feel greatly honored ____
C into their society.
(2008北京卷)
A. to welcome
B. welcoming
C. to be welcomed
D. welcomed
4. _____
D the project as planned, we’ll have
to work two more hours a day.
(2008湖南卷)
A. Completing
B. Complete
C. Completed
D. To complete
5. If there is a lot of work _____,
I’m happy to
A
just keep on until it is finished.
(2008上海卷)
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. done
D. doing
6. When asked why he went there, he
said he was sent there _______
for a
D
space flight. (07江西卷)
A. training
B. being trained
C. to have trained D. to be trained
7. The children talked so loudly at dinner
table that I had to struggle _______.
A
(07浙江卷)
A. to be heard
B. to have heard
C. hearing
D. being heard
Homework
1. Summarize the rules of infinitive
in your own way.
2. Finish the exercises of the textbook
on Page 5.