ppt32

Transcript ppt32

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Species acquire many of their unique characteristics through biological adaptation, which involves the selection of naturally occurring variations in populations

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Evolution - 20 min

Jean Baptiste Lamarck 1809 Charles Robert Darwin 1844 Alfred Russell Wallace 1858

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#5 Charles Darwin - 5 min

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#6 Galapagos Islands - 7 min

So what did Wallace do?

Alfred Russell Wallace 1858

His work pushed Darwin into publishing.

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The process by which new species arise from old ones

Internal and external appearance similar.

Can mate and produce fertile offspring.

Zorse female zebra + male horse

A horse has 64 chromosomes, a zebra only 44.

Viceroy Monarch

Godfrey Harold Hardy Wilhelm Weinberg

1908

A population will remain in genetic equilibrium if, AND ONLY IF, these five conditions are met:

1908

1 No mutations occur.

1908

2 Individuals neither enter nor leave the population through migration.

1908

3 The population is large.

1908

4 Individuals mate randomly.

1908

5 Natural selection does NOT occur.

1908

Organisms do not become extinct...

SPECIES become extinct.

There have been

at least FIVE mass extinction events

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The death of at least two species have been observed .

The coelacanth was thought to be extinct for millions of years, known only as a fossil...

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until one was caught off the coast of Africa in 1938.

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Another population is now known in Indonesia, 6000 miles from Africa.

What resources are available for us to get information about the beginning of the Earth and life on it?

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A fossil is ANY trace of a long-dead organism.

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There are those who say that fossils are made by the devil to deceive mankind.

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Theory of Superposition

With undisturbed layers of sedimentary rock, the bottom layer was deposited first, making it the oldest layer. Oldest Layer

Each succeeding layer, up to the topmost one, is progressively younger. Youngest Layer

The theory of superposition says nothing about how long each layer took to form.

Fossils are found in sedimentary rock.

There are gaps in the fossil record

The "Missing Link"

What happened to the Earth when Christ died?

Matthew 27: 50-51 50. Jesus, when he had cried again with a loud voice, yielded up the ghost.

51. And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent;

Matthew 27: 50-51 51. And, behold, the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom; and the earth did quake, and the rocks rent; What does this mean?

What's special about this fossil?

It is a polystrate fossil, crossing several layers of rock strata.

How could this happen?

Many layers of sediment had to be laid down around the tree QUICKLY.

What would do that?

Could This Do It?

Genesis 7 & 8

1. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

2. The same was in the beginning with God.

3. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.

John 1:1-3

1. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

2. The same was in the beginning with God.

What does this mean?

3. All things were made by him; and without him was not any thing made that was made.

John 1:1-3

"Tablet Theory" Portions of Genesis were originally written on clay tablets by those who personally experienced the events. The tablets were later compiled by Moses.

"JEDP" Documentary Hypothesis: For many centuries the stories were passed down orally and were not committed to writing until much later.

What did animals, including man, eat during the creation described in Genesis 1?

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Is there any scientific evidence indicating that man once only ate plants?

What is the function of the appendix?

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A cow chews more than 40,000 time each day.

Cecum Cecum Cecum

"Where did Cain's wife come from?" QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) dec ompressor are needed to s ee this pic ture.

"Let the waters under the heaven be gathered together unto one place, and let the dry land appear"

225 mya 135 mya 200 mya 65 mya Today

225 mya 135 mya How does science determine these dates?

200 mya 65 mya Today

Half-life for minerals QuickTime™ and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture.

The Assumption: The amount of the

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radioactive material that was originally on Earth.

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Carbon Dating for Organics

The Assumption: Living things have

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ALWAYS contained the amount of C-14 they have today.

Carbon Dating for Organics

Migration of Man

Oldest Human?

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"Lucy" was found by Donald Johanson in 1974 in Ethiopia.

The rock layer in which she was found is dated to just under 3.18

million years old.

History of Man

Tool-making is generally accepted as a trait of modern man

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Did Adam use tools?

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And the Lord God took the man, and put him into the garden of Eden to

dress it

and to

keep it

. Genesis 2:15

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...cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field: in the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread...

Genesis 3:17-19

Parts of a Projectile Point

Stone "tools" show marks of being "worked"

Step 1:

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Individual "blanks" are removed from a stone core

Step 2:

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The blank is roughly shaped

Step 3:

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"Flakes" are removed to begin the sharpening process

Step 4: "Pressure

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flaking" sharpened the edge and produced the finished shape

Step 5: Hafting Many larger projectile points were attached to a bone "foreshaft"

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The Atlatl and Dart Most "arrowheads" are actually tips of spears

The bow and arrow is an iron age weapon Arrows have been tipped with metal for over 1000 years

Native American Cultural Periods Paleo . . . . . . . 14,000 to 9,000 BP Archaic . . . . . .10,000 to 3,000 BP Woodland . . . . 3,000 to 1,300 BP Mississippian . . 1,300 to 400 BP Historic . . . . . . . 450 to 170 BP

Anadarko Oklahoma 11,000 years ago Clovis Point

The Paleolithic and Archaic Periods Nomadic hunter-gathers were attracted to rich bottom land resources.

The Woodland and Mississippian Periods Permanent centers formed around agricultural-based cultures.

The Mississippian Culture

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Spiro - Oklahoma Cahokia - Missouri Etowah - Georgia Moundville - Alabama

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Trade Routes

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1 burial mound 2 temple mounds 9 house mounds

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Craig mound, the burial mound, stood 33 feet high and 112 feet in diameter.

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From 1933 to 1935, the Pocola Mining Company dug haphazardly into Craig Mound.

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Spiro Artifacts

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Spiro Artifacts

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Spiro Artifacts

The 1400

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shell engravings may be the most important artifacts from the Spiro site.

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They are the best

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written history left behind on a single site by any Late Stone Age culture in North America.

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An idea of what the Spiro complex may have looked like around 1100 AD.

The Spanish Conquest 16 th century It is generally believed that disease harmed the native population much more than Spanish arms.

"Native" Americans By the 1700's, the Mississippian culture's descendents were the Creek, Muscogee, and Cherokee.

Louisiana Purchase 1803

"Trail of Tears" The majority of the remaining descendents were forcibly confined to Oklahoma in the mid 1830s.

Little Bighorn 1876 Wounded Knee 1890

"Indian Wars" 1860-1890

Geronimo 1886

Oklahoma Land Run 1889-1895 Indian lands opened up for white settlement.

Oklahoma becomes 46 th state 1907

Evolution is ___

Evolution is ___ the process by which organisms change over time

Lamarck proposed that things change because they ___ to change.

need

He thought any trait aquired by parents could be ___

He thought any trait aquired by parents could be ___ passed to offspring

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of ___

Charles Darwin proposed the theory of ___ natural selection

Darwin spent 5 years on a ship called ___

Darwin spent 5 years on a ship called ___ HMS Beagle

Darwin did his most important work in the ___ Islands.

Galapagos

Darwin published his theory in a book called ___

Darwin published his theory in a book called ___ The Origin of Species

Who was Alfred Wallace?

His similar theory pushed Darwin into publishing.

Why didn't Darwin want to publish?

"Darwin says man comes from monkey"

What is artificial selection?

Using selective breeding to improve plants and animals.

Speciation is ___

Speciation is ___ the process by which new species arise from old ones.

The morphological concept of species says ___

The morphological concept of species says ___ members have similar internal and external appearance.

The biological concept of species says ___

The biological concept of species says ___ members can successfully interbreed.

Differences in characteristics within a species are called ___

Differences in characteristics within a species are called ___ variations

Protective coloration helps an animal ___

Protective coloration helps an animal ___ blend with its background

___ become extinct, not ___

___ become extinct, not ___.

species organisms

The ___ is a fish thought to be extinct for millions of years.

Coelacanth

The theory of superpostion says ___

The theory of superpostion says ___ in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest layer is at the bottom and the youngest layer is at the top.

Fossils are formed in ___ rock.

sedimentary

What is a polystrate fossil?

one that crosses several layers of rock.

___ wrote Genesis.

Moses

The appendix MAY be evidence that ___

The appendix MAY be evidence that ___ animals once ate only plants

The time it takes for half of a radioactive sample to decay is called its ___.

half-life

The oldest human remains yet discovered are about ___

The oldest human remains yet discovered are about ___ 3 million years old

___ is generally accepted as a trait of modern man.

tool-making

The bow and arrow is a ___ weapon.

iron-age

ppt32

Transcript ppt32

at least FIVE mass extinction events

What happened to the Earth when Christ died?

What's special about this fossil?

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