Transcript Feminist firm theory

Contents
About Feminism
Feminism and Feminist criticism
Feminist criticism and the role of theory
Feminist criticism and language
Feminist criticism and psychoanalysis
Feminist firm theory
About Feminism
2. About Feminism
What is Feminism?
suppressed
Feminism
Feminism and feminist criticism
2. Feminism and feminist criticism
Feminism
☞ ≠ The women’s movement of the 1960s
☞ It had diagnosed the problem of women’s inequality in society,
and proposed solutions.
Feminist criticism
☞ The feminist literary criticism of today is the direct product
of the 'women's movement' of the 1960s.
☞ 페미니즘 비평은 페미니즘적 인식에 입각하여 작가와 작품, 장르, 언어 등의
문제에 접근하는 비평 양식
☞ 궁극적으로는 기존의 문학사에서 배제되었던 여성작가나 작품을 발굴해
그 위치를 제대로 조명함으로써 온전한 문학사를 새로 쓰는 것
2. Feminism and feminist criticism
Mary Wollstonecraft
A Vindication of the Rights of Women (1792) ▲
Starting point of Feminism
2. Feminism and feminist criticism
Virginia Woolf
▲ A Room of One’s Own (1929)
여성들의 불평등한 대우를 생생하게 묘사
2. Feminism and feminist criticism
페미니스트들은 3가지 용어를 구분하자고 주장 (Toril Moi)
Feminist
A political position
‘Conditioning‘
Female
A matter of biology
‘Socialisation‘
Feminine
A set of culturally defined characteristics
2. Feminism and feminist criticism
Feminist criticism in the 1970s
the cultural 'mind-set' in men and women which perpetuated sexual inequality
Feminist criticism in the 1980s
1. it began to draw upon the findings and approaches of other kinds of criticism
-Marxism, structuralism, linguistics
2. it switched its focus from attacking male versions of the world to exploring
the nature of the female world and outlook, and reconstruction the lost or
suppressed records of female experience.
3. attention was switched to the need to construct a new canon of women's sriting
by rewriting the history of the novel and of poetry in such a way that neglected
women writers were given new prominence.
2. Feminism and feminist criticism
She described the change in the late 1970s as
a shift of attention from 'androtext' (books
by men) to 'gynotexts' (books by women).
'gynocritics‘-meaning the study of gynotexts
Elain Showalter
2. Feminism and feminist criticism
History of women’s writing
Feminine phase (1840~1880)
women writers imitated dominant male artistic norms and
aesthetic standards
Feminist phase (1880~1920)
radical and often separatist positions are maintained
Female phase (1920 onwards)
which looked particularly at female writing and female experience.
Feminist criticism and
the role of theory
3. Feminism and the role of theory
1. Anglo-American Feminism
Anglo-American feminism is more
sceptical about recent critical theory and
more cautious. ( compared to French
feminism)
interested in traditional critical
concepts like theme, motif,
characterization.
They accepted the conventions of literary
realism.
※ literary = a series of representations of women’s lives and experience.
3. Feminism and the role of theory
1. Anglo-American Feminism
Anglo-American criticism has a good deal in common with the
procedures and assumptions of the liberal humanist.
BUT,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
historical data and non-literary material can be
used in understanding the literary text.
3. Feminism and the role of theory
1. Anglo-American Feminism
American critic
Elaine Showalter
Sandra Gilbert
Susan Gubar
Patricia Stubbs
3. Feminism and the role of theory
2. English Feminist criticism
English feminist criticism is distinctly
different from American.
ex) English feminism aligned with cultural
materialism or Marxism
It tends to be ‘socialist feminist’.
》》 thus, interests in political and theoretical ↑
3. Feminism and the role of theory
3. French Feminism
French feminism is more overtly theoretical.
French feminism took as its starting-point
the insights of major post-structuralists,
especially Lacan, Foucault and Derrida.
》》 French feminists are particularly concerned with language
and psychology
3. Feminism and the role of theory
3. French Feminism
French critic
Julia Kristeva
Helene Cixous
Luce Irigaray
Feminist criticism and language
4. Feminism and language
1980년대 초 언어는 중립적인 매체가 아니
며, 가부장제를 표현하는 도구의 역할을 하
고 있음이 분명하다고 주장
따라서, 여성이 자유롭게 글을 쓸 수 없다.
Dale Spender
그렇다면, 자유로운 형식에서 과연 여성 지향적인 언어형식이 존재하는가?
여성적 글쓰기(ecriture feminine)가 존재한다는 가정
4. Feminism and language
‘여성적 글쓰기’는 여성들만의 생리에서
비롯되는 고유한 산물
‘여성적 글쓰기’는 기존 사회에
저항하는 형태를 띈다.
Helene Cixous
페미니즘은 여성이 사회에 동등한 구성원이라는 것을 강조한다.
그런데 왜 여성적 글쓰기는 저항하는 형태를 띄는가?
4. Feminism and language
the symbolic
the semiotic
Julia Kristeva
절대적 주체는 존재 할 수 없다.
Feminist criticism and psychoanalysis
5. Feminism and psychoanalysis
프로이드의 정신분석학에 대한 페미니즘적 비판
<Sexual Politics(성의 정치학)>이란 저술에서
프로이드의 The Patriarchal Attitudes(가부
장적 성역할 태도)는 페미니스트들이 싸워야
할 주요한 근원이라고 비판.
프로이드의 남근선망 개념은 남성의 자기
중심주의라고 비판
Kate Millett
5. Feminism and psychoanalysis
프로이트에 ‘생물학적 결정론’에 강하게 비판
생물학적결정론이란?
여자의 출산역할, 성별 정체성, 성적인 편향 등이
여성의 penis의 결핍으로 결정
Betty Friedan
5. Feminism and psychoanalysis
<Psychoanalysis and feminism>이란 저술
에서 ‘심리분석이란 가부장적 사회를 권장
하는 것이 아니라 그것을 분석하는 것’
‘Penis Envy'은’ 상징적인 개념일 뿐 생물
학적 실체를 지칭하는 것은 아니다.
Juliet Mitchell
5. Feminism and psychoanalysis
‘social castration’
Sandra Gilbert Susan Gubar
5. Feminism and psychoanalysis
Gender Roles is malleable, changeable,
not inevitable and unchangeable givens
Feminist firm theory
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Feminist firm theory
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Feminist firm theory
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Feminist firm theory
Q&A
Thank
You!