Transcript pptx 파일

Lesson 4
Saving Bananas for Us All
(1) Can you imagine a world without bananas ?
1
(2) In such a world, / one good thing would be / that you
어순 주의(a + 형 + 명)
no longer would have to worry about slipping on a
동명사
= don’t have to
banana peel. = don’t need to
= need not
(3) But without bananas, there wouldn’t be banana ice
= if it were not for
cream or banana bread. = were it not for
= but for
(4) The banana is the fourth largest agricultural product in
the world, after wheat, rice, and corn.
2
Without bananas, there wouldn’t be ~
조건절 대용 어구
= If it were not for bananas,
= Were it not for bananas,
= But for bananas,
1. 현재 사실에 반대 (= 직설법 현재 + not )
2. be 동사의 경우, ‘were’만 쓴다.
If 주어 + 과거 동사, 주어 + 조동사 과거 + 동사원형)
(6) In the United States, people eat more bananas per
year than apples and oranges combined.
합하여
(7) Bananas and plantains, which are a type of
일종의
banana, also provide more than 25 percent of the
~이상 (+ 숫자)
food energy requirements for 70 million people in
Africa.
Provide A for B
= Provide B with A
(8) Given the banana’s popularity and importance, / it
~을 고려해보면
would be a global tragedy / if one of the popular
가정법 과거
varieties were to suddenly disappear.
(9) Unfortunately, this may soon become reality.
불행 하게도
윗 문장 전체
(10) A new disease is spreading around the world,
현재진행시제
killing a type of banana called the “Cavendish.”
= as it kills
Which(that) is
(11) It’s possible that this disease could completely
~ 하는 것이 가능합니다.
destroy this species of banana.
(12)
This
is
not
the
first
time
bananas
have
When(관계부사)
encountered a destructive disease.
현재완료
(13) Fifty years ago, / the “Gros Michel” banana plant
was struck by a disease called “Panama Disease,” a
수동태(~의 영향을 받다.)
which (that) is
banana-killing fungus carried by soil and water.
복) fungi
which (that) is
멸종시켰다.
(14) The disease was so bad that it wiped out the
species.
The disease was bad enough to wipe out the species.
(15) So, banana farms around the world / switched to
~로 바꾸다.
the Cavendish, which was not affected by the disease.
= and it
수동태
(16) The switch proved satisfactory to farmers and
=became
consumers alike. 모두/ 똑같이
(16) Cheap and delicious, / the Cavendish also
Being
= As it is
has a lot of vitamins and minerals as well as a
= many
~뿐만 아니라
lot of fiber.
= much
부정대명사
(17) The Cavendish banana is the one most
(that is)
eaten around the world today.
(18) Unfortunately, this success story did not last long.
지속하다.
(19) As
early as the 1980s, a new, more
dangerous
breed
of the
disease . called “TR4”
수치, 정도
: 일찌감치
1980년대에
유형,4)종first / appeared in Taiwan, and
(Tropical Race
(that is)
went on to destroy 70 percent of its Cavendish
계속하다.
population.형태 알아두기
개체 수
(20) Since then, / it has spread through South Asia, Australia,
현재완료 : 퍼지다.
and parts of Africa.
(21) And it is now found in major banana exporting
현재 분사
nations in Central and South America, including
~을 포함하여
Ecuador, Costa Rica, and Colombia.
(22) TR4 attacks the roots of the banana plant and
cannot be controlled by pesticide.
(23) Commercially cultivated bananas such as the
~ 와 같은
Cavendish / stand a greater risk of developing disease
-> Become / be
비교급
than other fruits, because they are genetically
identical. 동일한
(24) All the plants on a farm are created from one
parent plant. They are all perfect clones of one
서로 서로
another.
주격 관계대명사
(25) Without the diversity that comes from natural
다양
성
reproduction, / bananas continue, generation after
생식, 번식
대대로
generation, with the same genetic makeup.
유전적 구조
(26) The benefit of genetic uniformity /is that banana
이익 (merit)
유전적 통일성
보어절(명사절)
production can be well organized, with each banana
With + 목적어 +분사 : 부대상황
developing in exactly the same way every time.
= growing
(27) However, the banana’s inability to adapt and
불능
단점 (demerit)
형용사적 용법
create diverse forms / leaves it unable to fight disease.
주~~~~~어
S + leave + o + O.C ; 주어가 목적어를 목적보어한 상태로
남겨두다, 두다.
What makes one banana tree suffer / will make every
관계대명사
사역동사
other banana tree suffer.
(28) The most serious possibility of the new Panama
n. 가능성
Disease / is that the Cavendish banana will become
보어절/ 명사절
extinct.
a. 멸종된
~을 하고 있는 중인
(29) Fifty years ago, when the Gros Michel was under
공격을 받고 있는
attack, scientists found a similar-tasting banana that
비슷한 맛이 나는
resisted the disease.
주격관계대명
사
(30) That does not seem to be an option this time. Scientists
(However)
n. 선택권
have not been able to find a replacement.
n. 대체물
(31) There are more than one thousand types of
~ 이상
bananas, but most of them have hard seeds.
(32) And the ones without seeds / don’t taste the
same as the Cavendish.
(33) At this point, the goal of saving the banana is pursued by
Key words : 이 글의 목적
two opposing visions of treatment.
치료에 관한 두 개의 상반된 시각
(34) On one side is a group of bioengineers who think that
도치 : 부사구 + 동사 + 긴 주어
주격 관계 대명사
changing the plant’s genes is the only likely option, because
수동태
the Cavendish cannot be improved upon by traditional
개선되어질 수 없다.
methods of breeding.
번식시키다.
(35) Only genetic change could provide resistance to the
V1
disease and maintain the taste that makes the Cavendish
V2
commercially successful.
주격관계대명
사
(36) Although there are some people who are unwilling to try
기꺼이 ~ 하다.
genetically modified food, the scientists believe that public
유전자 조작 식품
attitudes may change if the desire to preserve the Cavendish is
가정법 현재
strong enough.
어순주
의
(37) On the other side are the majority of banana growers who
주격 a관계대명사
believe that
better option would be to raise 추측
experimental
breeds in the fields.
(38) Although traditional banana breeding takes
a long
time,
시간이
걸리다
farmers think that resistance to genetically
engineered foods /
주~~~~~~~~~~어
runs deep among the world’s
consumers.
동사 : 형태주의
(39)Honduras’s agricultural research foundation (FHIA) has
had the most successful conventional banana breeding
현재완
료
program
to date.
전통적인, 종래의
~ 로 부터
지금까
(40) One of the first지new breeds to come out of the effort / was
One of the 복수명사 : ~ 중의 하나
형용사적 용법
the “Goldfinger” banana.
(41) It is appropriate for cooking and eating, and is now grown
동명사
in Australia for mass consumption.
대량의
Taste; 반복피하기
(42) Unfortunately, its taste is inferior to that of the
~보다 열등한
sweeter Cavendish, and it may never reach the same level
추측 ~(범위, 정도에) 도달
하다. 미치다.
of global popularity as the Cavendish.
(43) FHIA is also currently testing a few other kinds of
banana for world markets.
보장하다. 반드시 ~ 하게 하다.
(44) In any case, efforts are being made to ensure that bananas
어떤 경우라도
현재진행수동태 부사적 용법(목적)
will be available for future generations to enjoy, without loss
They are making efforts (to) ensure~
of flavor and health benefits.
(45) It’s difficult to tell now which of the two preservation
~하는 것은 어렵다.
methods will be successful, but it is very important that at least
이성적 판단을 나타내는 형용사가 있을
경우엔 (should) + 동사원형을 사용한다.
one of them work.
적어도
should
효과가 있다.