Transcript 종합영문법(제15장)
[종합문법 : 제 15 장 ]
< 수 동 태(受動態) >
수 동 태 )=> be + 과거분사(p.p.) ◈
She (주어) loves (동사) him(목적어). (능동태)
◈(
He
is loved
by her.
(수동태)
(수동태 주어) (be +과거분사) (by+목적격)
Ⅰ. 능동태 => 수동태
①현재 • He paints those pictures.
=> Those pictures are painted by him.
• They speak well ( ill) of Mary.
=>Mary is well ( ill ) spoken of by them.
= Mary is looked up to by them.[타동+부사+전치사]
②과거 • She took good care of the baby.[take care of ]
=> The baby was taken good care of by her.
▶참조: Good care 를 took 목적어로 볼 때(약간 사용)
=> Good care was taken of the baby by her.
③미 래 • We will elect a new president.
=> A new president will be elected by us.
④[현,과,미] • They have(had) broken the window.
완료형 => The window has(had) been broken
by them.
⑤[현재,과거] • She is(was) making a doll.
진행형 => A doll is(was) being made by her.
⑥조동사 • You must do the work at once.
=> The work must be done at once by you.
• I am going to invite Tom.
=> Tom is going to be invited (by me).
◈ 수동태 불가능 타동사
have, become(어울리다) resemble(닮다), lack, meet
• He has a car. => A car is had by him.( )
• (The boy resembles his mother.) • (The girl lacked
musical ability.)•( Her new dress becomes her well.)
Ⅱ. 4 형식(S+V+I.O+D.O) 수동태 =>1, 3형식 문장
• I gave him the book.
[전치사 (to), for, of 쓰임]
=>The book was given (to) him by me.(1)(직목 주어)
=>He was given the book by me. (3)
(간목 주어)
⊙ She bought me a bike.
=> A bike was bought for me by her.
(직목 주어)
=> I was bought a bike by her.():간목 주어 수동不可
◈ read,write / pass,sing / get,bring,make / buy,sell
=>직.목을 주어로만 수동태
•She made me a doll.=>A doll was made for me by her.
•I wrote him a letter.=>A letter was written him by me.
⊙ They envied him his luck.
=> He was envied his luck by them. (간목 주어)
=> His luck was envied him by them.():직목 수동不可
◈ kiss,envy / answer,save :간.목을 주어로만 수동태
Ⅲ . 5 형식(S + V + O + O.C) 수동태 => 2형식 문장
a. We elected him chairman.
=> He was elected chairman by us.
b. The lady asked us to push her car.
=> We were asked to push her car by the lady.
c. Mother made us work hard. (사역동사)
=> We were made to work hard by Mother.
d. I saw him enter the room. (지각동사)
=> He was seen to enter the room by me.
e. She let me go there.{let 수동태는 be allowed to 사용}
=> I was allowed to go by her.
Ⅳ. 부정문의 수동태
•She did not like him.→ (평서문: She liked him.)
=> He was not liked by her.
•Nothing pleases her.=> She is pleased with nothing.()
=> She is not pleased with anything.(not의 文頭 성질)
Ⅴ. 의문문 수동태 (변환 순서에 주목)
1. Did you find the book? (수동태로)
a)평서문 으로 : You found the book.
b)수 동 태 로 : The book was found by you.
c)의문문(정답): Was the book found by you?
2. Who broke this window? (수동태로)
a)평서문 으로 : He broke this window.
b)수동태로 : This window was broken by him.
c)의문문 : Was this window broken by him?
(= by whom)
d)(정답): By whom was this window broken?
(= Who was this window broken by ? )
3. What did he write on the blackboard?(수동태로)
a)평서문: He wrote what(= it ) on the blackboard.
(정답): What was written on the blackboard by him?
Ⅵ. 명령문
a) 긍정명령
( Let + O + be + p.p )
• Do it at once.=> Let it be done at once.
b) 부정명령
( Let+O+not be+p.p, Don’t let+O+be+p.p )
• Don’t kill the bird.=> Let the bird not be killed.
(or) Don’t let the bird be killed.
c) 간접명령: 상태편을 통한 제 3자에게 명령
( Let+O+be+p.p+by 행위자)
( Let+O+not be+p.p[Don’t let+O+be+p.p]+by행위자 )
• Let him do it.=> Let it be done by him. (명령문 어순)
• Don’t let him do it.=> Let it not be done by him.
Don’t let it be done by him.
Ⅶ. 동사구 수동태
a) 자동사 + 전치사= 타동사구
• He laughed at me. => I was laughed at by him.
b) 타동사+ 목적어 + 전치사= 타동사구
◈[take
good care of, take advantage of, pay attention to]
• We shall pay every careful attention to his words.
=>His words will be paid every careful attention to by us.
=>Every careful attention will be paid to his words by us.
c) 동사+ 부사 + 전치사= 타동사구
• They looked up to him. (look up tolook down on)
=> He was looked up to by them.
• They speak well of Mary. (speak well of:칭찬하다)
=> Mary is well spoken of (by them). ㈜ well 위치
• She always speaks ill of him.(speak ill of:비난하다)
=> He is always ill spoken of by her. ㈜ ill 위치
Ⅷ.목적어 명사절(주절과 종속절 시제 관계에 유의)
a) I request that she (should) be sent home.
=> It is requested that she (should) be sent home.
b1) They say that he is rich. say, believe, know,
=> It is said that he is rich. expect, suppose(생각,
추측),consider(간주하다)
=> He is said to be rich.
=> 2 가지 수동태 가능
b2) I believed that he was rich.
=> It was believed by me that he was rich.
=> He was believed to be rich by me.
(단순부정사):시제 같은 경우
b3) Nobody believes that he was rich.(※no= not any)
=> It is not believed by anybody that he was rich.
=> He is not believed to have been rich by anybody.
(완료형 부정사):시제 다른 경우
※ 부정문 수동태 예문[ not이 文頭로 가려는 성질]
[no not+any ; never not +ever ; neither not+
either ] [nobody not + anybody; nothing not +
anything ; no one not anyone]
• Anything does not please her. ()
=> Nothing please her. ()
(수) She is pleased with nothing. ()
=> She is not pleased with anything. ()
• Anyone has never solved the problem. ()
=> No one has ever solved the problem. ()
(수) The problem has ever been solved by no one. ()
=> The problem has never been solved by anyone.()
[예] • I think that he is not a good teacher. ()
I don’t think that he is a good teacher. ()
• Anyone will not believe what he says. ()
Nobody will believe what he says. ()
by 이외의 전치사 ◈
The news surprised me.=> I was surprised at the news.
◈ The secret is known to everybody. ~에게 알려지다
A man is known by his friends. ~로 알 수 있다
He was known for his autobiography. ~로 유명하다
◈ She was married to a rich merchant.
◈ He was killed by the murder.
He was killed with a stone.
◈ The ground was covered with snow.
◈ I am interested in English.
◈ He was not pleased with anything.
◈ This desk was made of wood.
Wine is made from grape.
◈ He was dressed in white.
◈
be occupied in(with) : ~에 종사하다
• Workmen were occupied in building new roads.
◈ be dressed in : ~을 입고있다
• She was dressed in white.
◈ be caught in : ~을 만나다
• I was caught in a shower on my way home.
◈ be acquainted with : ~을 알아보다(알게 되다)
• I am not acquainted with him.
◈ be filled with : ~으로 가득차다
◈ be satisfied with : ~에 만족하다
◈ be worried about : ~에 대해 걱정하다
◈ be disappointed at(in, with) : ~에 대해 실망하다
◈ be amused at : ~을 재미 있어 하다
◈ be delighted at(with) : ~에 대해 기뻐하다
◈ be shocked[frightened] at : ~에 놀라다
◈
※ (by + 행위자) 생략 => 행위자가 명확한 사람,
일반인, 막연한 사람)
• My homework will be finished tonight. ( by me)
• English is spoken in America. ( by them)
• He was killed in the war ( by them).
※ have(get)+ O + p.p =>a) ~을 시키다 b) ~을 당하다
a) I had (got) my radio repaired. (능동형 수동태)
(뜻) My radio was repaired by the repairman.
b) I had (got) my money stolen. (능동형 수동태)
(뜻) My money was stolen by someone.
※ 동작 수동(~되어지다)과 상태 수동(~되어져 있다)
• The gate is opened at six. (동작)
The gate is opened. (상태)
• I am not used to such things. (상태)
You will get(become,grow) used to such things.(동작)
※ 관용적으로 쓰인 수동형
◈ (출생,종사,상태,행사,위치)
• I was born in 1960.
• I am engaged in writing a book.
• He was married to Mary.(= He married Mary:동작)
• The games were held in Seoul.
• The school is located(=is situated) on the hill.
◈ (감정)
• I was surprised (to hear the news.)(~ at the news.)
• My father is pleased with my success.
◈ (재해,피해)
• He was drowned in the river.[The river drowned him.()]
• Three people were injured in the accident.
• He was burnt to death.
• The crops were damaged by flood.
※ 능동 수동태 해석: (능동태를 수동태로 해석)
a) 술어동사의 능동수동:[술어동사를 수동으로 해석]
• The book sells well. (팔린다) [cf] He sold the watch.
• His novels read well. (읽혀진다)
• The house is building. (건설되다)
• The meal is now cooking. (요리되다)
• The oranges peel well. (벗겨진다)
• The door locks automatically. (잠긴다)
• The paper does not tear straight. (찢어진다)
• The committee consists five men. (구성 되어져 있다)
b) (동)명사의 능동 수동 해석:[(동)명사를 수동 뜻 해석]
• The grass wants cutting.(=The grass needs to be cut.)
c) 부정사의 능동 수동 해석: [부정사를 수동으로 해석]
• He is to blame for it.(=He is to be blamed for it.)
• There is no time to lose.(=There is no time to be lost)
• You are to blame. (비난 받다)
• This house is not to let but to sell.(세 내줄 집, 팔려는 집)