Transcript Research Highlights from 30 Years GSI Volker Metag Universität Gießen

Research Highlights
from 30 Years GSI
Volker Metag
Universität Gießen
Building Blocks of Matter
Matter
Crystal
Atom
Nucleus
Nucleon
m
(macroscopic)
Quarks
and
Gluons
10-3
10-10 m
10-14 m
10-15 m
<10-18 m
Research Program at GSI
Astrophysics
Cosmology
Nuclear and
Hadronic Physics
50%
Accelerator
Development
10%
New
Technologies
Atomic
Physics
15%
Materials
Research
5%
New
Materials
Physics of
Dense Plasma
5%
Biophysics &
Tumortherapy
15%
Clinical
Application
Joint effort of GSI & university groups
and international collaboration
GSI-Accelerator Facility
UNILAC
ESR
SIS
Plasma Physics
Temperature
Matter at the Extremes of Temperature and Density
Sun
Solar Corona
Jupiter
Lightning
Density
Solid State
Density
Atomic Physics in Strong Electromagnetic Fields
Test of Quantum Electrodynamics
Electron Cooler
U92+
from SIS
Z=1; Eb = 13.6 eV
Z·a « 1
Uranium-Ion
Z=92; Eb = 132 KeV
Z·a 1
Lamb shift [eV]
Hydrogen-Atom
Gas Jet
ESR
Nuclear Structure
Heavy and Superheavy
Elements
Proton
Radioactivity
Proton/Atomic Number
151Lu
147Tm
Nuclei with very large
Neutron Excess
Neutron Number
Proton/Atomic Number
Super Heavy Elements
269
266
265
108
HS
109
MT
X
110
272
277
111
112
262
107
BH
Neutron Number
X
X
Measurement of Masses of Nuclei
Fragment Separator
Experimental Storage Ring
Number of Particles
ESR
Revolution Time/ns
Nuclear Structure
Heavy and Superheavy
Elements
Proton
Radioactivity
Proton/Atomic Number
151Lu
147Tm
Nuclei with very large
Neutron Excess
Halo Nuclei
Neutron Number
Supernova
Nuclear Structure
Heavy and Superheavy
Elements
Proton
Radioactivity
Proton/Atomic Number
151Lu
147Tm
Nuclei with very large
Neutron Excess
r-process
Halo Nuclei
Neutron Number
Supernova
Temperature
The Phases of Nuclear Matter
Density
10-10 m
Potential
Potential
The Phases of Nuclear Matter
Distance
Temperature [K]
Temperature [MeV]
Distance
10-15 m
Excitation Energy per Molecule [meV]
Excitation Energy per Nucleon [MeV]
Temperature [MeV]
Temperature
The Phases of Nuclear Matter
Excitation Energy per Nucleon [MeV]
Density
Hadrons in the Nuclear Medium
Masses of particles are
modified in dense
nuclear matter
sk(nb)
Theoretical Prediction:
Proton-Proton Collisions
K+
Mass [MeV]
K-
sK-
1
10
sK+
Energy above threshold [GeV]
Nucleus-Nucleus Collisons
Density
Pk
K+
K-
sK-
Energy above threshold [GeV]
Enhanced K--yield in nucleus-nucleus collisions
Evidence for K-mass modification in dense matter
sK+
Temperature [MeV]
Mass [MeV]
Temperature
The Phases of Nuclear Matter
Density
Excitation Energy per Nucleon [MeV]
Density
Transition to the Quark-Gluon-Plasma
WA 98
Transverse Momentum [GeV/c]
Electron Pairs
Mee[GeV/c2]
NA49
Temperature T [MeV]
Direkt Photon Yield
NA 45
Relative Meson Yield
Relative Electron Pair Yield
Ultra-Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
Density Measure mB[GeV]
Number of collisions
Back to the Big Bang
Nature
t=0
Big Bang
t 10ms
Quark-Gluon-Plasma
Experiment
t
1ms
Nuclear Matter
Interactions of Energetic Ions with Materials
ordered structures:
Alpha
Magnetic
Spectrometer
(AMS) at GSI
AMS
10 µm
micro pores
micro tubes
AMS on Space Station
Cancer Therapy with Ion Beams
Relative Dose
Localised energy deposition
with millimeter accuracy
Patient
treatment plan
Penetration Depth



67 patients (2200 irradiations)
no side effects
no reoccurence in treated volume
Verification
by PET
Summary
 30 years of research with heavy ions have secured GSI a place at
the forefront of this science worldwide. A broad spectrum, from
fundamental studies in nuclear and atomic physics to
interdisciplinary and medical applications, has led to many new and
widely recognized results; only some of the highlights could be
presented.
 GSI has played a vital role in broadly integrating universities and
international collaborations into this research.
 A planned major extension of the facility opens exciting new
research opportunities and will help GSI maintain its leading role
worldwide.