Transcript Overview of the Canadian Contribution to INTEX-B

Overview of the Canadian Contribution to INTEX-B
Randall Martin, Aaron van Donkelaar, Thomas Walker, Tom Duck
Dalhousie University
Richard Leaitch, Anne Marie Macdonald, Kurt Anlauf, Shao-Meng Li,
Desiree Toom-Sauntry, John Liggio, Katherine Hayden, Peter Liu,
Alexandra Steffen
Environment Canada
Qi Zhang, SUNY Albany
Ian McKendry, Jeff Lundgren University of British Columbia
Mike Cubison, Jose-Luis Jimenez University of Colorado
Doug Worsnop, Aerodyne
Whistler Peak (2182 m)
Measurements since 2002:
Trace Gases: O3, CO, Hg (Tekran)
Particle Physics:
• Particle distributions from 10nm to 20 μm
•TSI SMPS (10 nm to 500 nm), Grimm OPC (400 nm to 20 μm)
Particle Chemistry:
• Filter packs (inorganics, OC/EC)
• High-Resolution Time-of-Flight AMS (WTOF-AMS)
• Moudi impactor samples (inorganics, metals (ICP, XRF))
Particle Light Scattering and Absorption
•Nephelometer, PSAP
Temperature, Dew point, Winds
Indicates additions during the INTEX intensive
Environment Canada
Anne Marie Macdonald
Whistler Peak: Intensive and Long-Term Measurements
-3
dN (cm )
40
250
30
Particle Number dN, >0.3- 30 mdiameter
20
10
0
200
150
CO (ppbv)
2002
2003
100
2004
2005
50
55
jan
mar
jul
sep
80
40
30
25
2002
2003
2004
2005
20
jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec
Ozone at Whistler Peak
60
50
40
30
20
Temperature (C)
45
O3 (ppbv)
70
35
CO at Whistler Peak
nov
50
O3 (ppbv)
160
120
may
X Data
140
15
Temperature
Relative Humidity
10
60
0
40
-5
20
0
24/04/2006
01/05/2006
Date/Time (PST)
Anne Marie Macdonald
100
80
5
-10
17/04/2006
120
08/05/2006
15/05/2006
Relative Humidity (percent)
CO (ppbv)
200
Long-term Measurements at Whistler Reveal Unusually
Large Events During INTEX-B
2.5
16-May-06
Sulphate(ug/m3)
2
1.5
1
0.5
Jun/06
Mar/06
Dec/05
Sep/05
Jun/05
Mar/05
Dec/04
Sep/04
Jun/04
Mar/04
Dec/03
Sep/03
Jun/03
Mar/03
Dec/02
0.14
Sep/02
Jun/02
Mar/02
Dec/01
0
Calcium(ug/m3)
0.12
Apr-26
0.1
May-16
0.08
0.06
0.04
0.02
Anne Marie
Macdonald
0
03/Jul/02
19/Jan/03
07/Aug/03
23/Feb/04
10/Sep/04
29/Mar/05
15/Oct/05
03/May/06
High-Resolution Time-of-Flight AMS
Regional? Organic Influence
Long-Range Transport Event of Sulfate
May 14
GEOS-Chem (2 km)
May 15
May 16
Qi Zhang and John Liggio
Aaron van Donkelaar
SO42- (ug m-3)
Lidar Measurements Show Subsiding Aerosol Plume
During Enhanced Sulfate Period
Tom Duck
Airborne measurements from a Cessna 207
31 project flights
Ozone - all flights
CO - 10 flights
Particle chemistry - 24 flights
(Quad-AMS and single filter for major ions)
Particle number and size - all flights
(CPC, PCASP, FSSP300)
Particle light scattering - all flights
(Radiance nephelometer)
Richard Leaitch
Cessna - C130, Whistler Summit Comparison: May 3rd
r=0.91
slope=1.20
r=0.88
slope=1.70
r=0.63
slope=1.79
Aaron van Donkelaar and Richard Leaitch
Cessna - C130, Canada-US Border Comparison: May 9th
r=0.98
slope=1.28
Aaron van Donkelaar and Richard Leaitch
Profile Often Revealed Enhanced Sulfate Above ~3 km
and Enhanced Organic Aerosol Below
Intex-B, Flight 14 - May 3 pm, 2006
6000
Altitude (m-MSL)
5000
4000
3000
F300 >1um
PCASP <0.6um mass est.
AMS SO4
AMS Organics
2000
1000
0
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3 -3
-3
Particle Mass Cn (g m ); Particle Number Cn (cm )
3.5
4
Richard Leaitch
Sulfate Plume at 2 km, Coincident with Summit
Intex-B, Flight 29 - May 15 am, 2006
6000
F300 >1um
PCASP <0.6um mass est.
AMS SO4
AMS Organics ADL
AMS NO3
Altitude (m-MSL)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0
1
2
3
4
-3
-3
Particle Mass Cn (g m ); Particle Number Cn (cm )
5
Richard Leaitch
Puzzling Organic Enhancement at 4 km
Intex-B, Flight 32 - May 16 pm, 2006
6000
F300 #>1um
PCASP <0.6um mass est.
AMS Organics ADL
AMS SO4
AMS NO3
Altitude (m-MSL)
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
-3
-3
Particle Mass Cn (g m ); Particle Number Cn (cm )
30
Richard Leaitch
Campaign Average Aerosol Profiles
Sulfate
AMS measurements scaled using PCASP
size distribution (assume internally
mixed) to total mass concentration for
comparison with GEOS-Chem
Likely an upper limit
GEOS-Chem Asian SO2
Emissions for 2006
275% increase over 2000
Nitrate
Organic
Aaron van Donkelaar and Richard Leaitch
April 22-25 Plume: Sulfate Primarily of Asian Origin
GEOS-Chem at 675 hPa on April 24
GEOSChem
No
Asia
AMS scaled
(using PCASP)
likely an
upper limit
Simulations
use 2006
Asian
emissions
East Asian SO42- (ug m-3)
SO42- (ug/m3)
Aaron van Donkelaar
Sulfate is a Major and Growing Contributor to AOD
INTEX-B Average
GEOS-Chem
(2006 Asian
Emissions)
%
simulated
AOD
from SO4=
GEOS-Chem
(2006 Asian
Emissions)
Aerosol Optical Depth
MODIS
Aaron van Donkelaar
Asian Emissions and Lightning NOx Contribute to
O3 Observed on West Coast
Measured
GEOS-Chem
(2006 emis)
GEOS-Chem
(No lightning)
GEOS-Chem
(No Asian NOx)
Thomas Walker
Asian and Lightning NOx Emissions Contribute to the
OMI Ozone Columns
OMI / MLS Tropospheric Residual
GEOS-Chem (2006 NOx Emis)
Trop O3 (DU)
GEOS-Chem (2006 – No Asian NOx) GEOS-Chem (2006 – No Lightning)
ΔTrop O3 (DU)
Thomas Walker
Posters
Richard Leaitch et al., Summary of the Canadian airborne measurements during INTEX-B
Anne Marie Macdonald et al., Overview of measurements at Whistler Peak during INTEX-B
John Liggio et al., Application of principal component analysis to aerosol mass
spectrometry data from a high-elevation site in Whistler, BC
Qi Zhang et al., A high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer study on sizeresolved aerosol composition at the peak of Whistler Mountain during INTEX-B
Aaron van Donkelaar et al, Long-range transport of Asian sulfur emissions to Canada
Thomas Walker et al., Long-range transport of NOy and O3 during INTEX-B: Satellite,
aircraft, and model perspectives
Funding
NSERC
Environment Canada