Transcript EARLY ENGLISH SETTLEMENTS Chapter 3, Section 1

EARLY ENGLISH
SETTLEMENTS
Chapter 3, Section 1
Questions
► What
was the Spanish Armada?
► Why is the Roanoke Colony a mystery in history?
► Who financed the Jamestown settlement?
► Why was Jamestown built on a peninsula?
► What problems did Jamestown experience?
► What was the “starving time”?
► Why is Jamestown important to American history?
Spanish Dominance
► In
the summer of 1588, Spanish warships
sailed toward the coast of England. This
fleet of ships was known as the Spanish
Armada and consisted 132 ships, 30,000
troops and 2,400 guns. At the time, the
Spanish Armada was considered to be the
mightiest naval force ever assembled.
An English Upset
► Despite
its huge size, the Spanish Armada
was defeated by a swifter English fleet. The
defeat of the Spanish Armada marked the
end of Spanish control of the seas. The
defeat also paved the way for England and
other nations to start colonies in North
America.
The Lost Colony of Roanoke
► In
1584 Queen Elizabeth gave Sir Walter Raleigh
the right to claim land in North America. In 1587
Raleigh sent 91 men, 17 women and 9 children to
settle Roanoke Island, off the coast of present day
North Carolina. What happened to the colony is
one of the greatest mysteries in American history.
Lost Colony of Roanoke
► Here
is what we know about the English
colony of Roanoke: The colonist arrived in
July of 1587. On August 18, 1587, Eleanor
Dare gave birth to a daughter she named
Virginia, thus earning the distinction of
being the first English child born on
American soil.
Lost Colony of Roanoke
►A
man by the name of John White was
given charge of heading up the colony. As
he and the new settlers began establishing
the colony, White soon realized he needed
many more supplies. In September White
set sail for England in order to gain more
supplies. White left his family behind at
Roanoke and expected to return in only a
few months.
Lost Colony of Roanoke
► Upon
his arrival in England, White found
himself trapped by the impending invasion
of the Spanish Armada. Finally, two years
after the stunning defeat of the Armada, he
again departed for Roanoke Island. He
arrived on August 18, 1590 and found the
settlement at Roanoke completely deserted,
plundered.
ROANOKE
► Roanoke
became known as the colony that
disappeared.
Lost Colony of Roanoke
► When
White returned to the colony, the
only thing he found was the word
“CROATOAN” carved into a tree.
Lost Colony of Roanoke
► What
happened to the colony?
► What happened to the settlers is a complete
mystery! Historians have tried to piece
together the true story as to the
disappearance of the colonist but no one
knows for sure.
Lost Colony of Roanoke
►
1.
2.
Theories are:
The English settlers left the colony and
many went to live with the Pembroke
Indians.
The Roanoke settlers split into two parties
each going their separate ways.
It is likely that this will always remain a
mystery.
Jamestown
► In
June of 1606, King James I granted a charter
(land agreement) to a group of London
entrepreneurs (merchants), named The Virginia
Company, to establish an English settlement in the
Chesapeake region of North America. Upon the
announcement, investors bought stock in the
company with the hope of gaining a share of
future profits.
Jamestown Settlement
► In
1606 the Virginia Company sent 144
settlers (men and boys) in 3 ships to build a
new colony in North America. The settlers
were supposed to look for gold and attempt
to establish trade. Forty of the settlers
actually died on the voyage to North
America.
Jamestown Settlement
► In
April 1607, the ships entered Chesapeake
Bay and sailed up a river. The colonists
named the river the James River and their
new settlement Jamestown to honor their
king. Jamestown was built on a peninsula
so they could defend it from attack.
Jamestown Settlement
►
1.
2.
3.
Jamestown had problems from the very
beginning!
Jamestown was built on swampy land and
swarmed with mosquitoes!
Jamestown lacked an irrigation system so the
land was not the best for farming.
Settlers spent the majority of time searching for
gold and silver (that did not exist) instead of
trying to grow crops! In 1608 when ships
arrived with supplies and more settlers, only 38
of the original Jamestown colonists remained
alive!
Jamestown Settlement
► One
of the main reasons the colony
survived its first two years was because of
their leader. A 27 year old man….Captain
John Smith.
Jamestown Settlement
► Smith
was an experienced soldier and
explorer. Smith forced settlers to work,
explored the surrounding area and managed
to acquire corn from local Native Americans
led by Chief Powhatan.
Jamestown Settlement
► In
August 1609, 400 new settlers arrived at
Jamestown. Two months later John Smith was
injured in a gunpowder explosion and had to
return to England.
► The winter of 1609 was known as “the starving
time” in Jamestown. Jamestown settlers had no
food and were forced to eat rats, sawdust, grubs
and even leather from their belts!
Starving Time
► To
make things worse, Jamestown
experienced Indian attacks.
► Chief Powhatan had become angry because
the colonists were stealing native food
stores.
Starving Time
► When
settlers arrived in the spring, they
found only 60 survivors (out of the original
438).
Jamestown Settlement
► Did
anything good happen in Jamestown?
► Although no gold or silver was found, one colonist
named John Rolfe perfected a method of growing
tobacco. Tobacco becomes a cash crop for
Virginia.
Jamestown Settlement
► In
1619 Jamestown gained the right for self
representation in the colony, this government was
known as the House of Burgesses.
► Also in 1619, the Virginia Company sent 90
women to Jamestown, thus, marriage and children
became a part of life in Virginia.
► Also in 1619, 20 Africans were sold to Virginia
tobacco planters. Until 1640 some African
laborers were free and even owned property.
Jamestown Settlement
► In
the early 1620’s, the Virginia Company
(who sponsored the Jamestown colony)
faced financial trouble. In 1624 King James
canceled the company’s charter and made
Jamestown the first royal colony for England
in America.
Jamestown Settlement
► Jamestown
is important because it was the
first permanent English settlement in the
Americas.
Pocahontas
► John
Smith arrives in America. Is almost
killed by natives.
► His life is saved by a beautiful native woman
who can talk to animals.
► And they live happily ever after!
WRONGGGGG!
► The
Disney movie is wildly inaccurate!
#1
#2
► Pocahontas
was taken hostage for over a
year by Jamestown colonists.
 she had helped the same
colonists 5 years earlier
when they were struggling
to survive.
#3
► As
an agreement for her release, she (17)
married 28 year old John Rolfe (the tobacco
guy).
The Real Pocahontas