Transcript 科研活动的简要回顾 全幼黎 Stanford University October, 2007

科研活动的简要回顾
全幼黎
Stanford University
October, 2007
内容提要
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
地震波衰减的层析成像 (Stanford)
声波测井的数值模拟 (Stanford)
油田残余油强化开采的地震监测 (Texaco)
油层的地质统计描述 (Texaco)
地质统计软件 (SMT)
断层的自动识别 (SMT)
用生物芯片发现蛋白质生物标志物 (LumiCyte)
差式共振声谱仪 (Stanford)
地震监测地下存储的CO2 (Stanford)
环形换能器超声成像 (Stanford/LANL)
油田油储的综合监测 (Stanford)
1. 地震波衰减的层析成像
Stanford University, 1991-1996
频移法是我们提出和发展的一种简单实用的
技术。这一方法自1997发表后得到了广泛的
应用。比如说，最近一年的 Geophysics 杂
志有6篇文章引用该论文。今年的SEG
Expended Abstracts有7篇文章引用了这篇
论文。
波形和衰减
Lower Absorption
Higher frequency
Waveform
Lower frequency
Waveform
Acoustic Sources
Higher Absorption
Acoustic Receivers
用中心频率移动法估计衰减
Incident Wave
S(f)
Medium Response
H(f)
H ( f ) = exp [- f  a o dl ]
Transmitted Wave
R(f)=S(f)H(f)
理论数据的例子
(a) Original model
(b) Reconstruction
Receivers
Sources
x
o
o
x
o
x
o
Vf=5 kft/s x
o
Qf=20
x
Vp=11.8 kft/s o
x
Vs=6.9 kft/s o 100 ft
x
o
Qp=30
o
x
o
x
o
x
Vp=12 kft/s
o
x Vs=7 kft/s
o
x Qp=60
o
70 ft
25
65
Crosswell geometry, RT method for modeling
野外数据实例
The attenuation and velocity tomography for a west Texas seismic survey. The geological
structure in this area is complex. The main features are two low-velocity/low-Q zones
indicated by "A" and "B", respectively. Area B is interpreted as a carbonate mound or reef.
2. 声波测井的数值模拟
Stanford University, 1991-1996
我们提出的一种很有效的计算油井中波场的方法。这
一方法发表后许多人来电子邮件索取程序。有几个大
石油公司在使用我们的程序。 去年我把这一方法应用
到一种新测井数据的解释，并申请到一项美国专利。
与井有关的地震观测手段
Fluid-filled
borehole
Vertical
o seismic
profiling
Fluid-filled
borehole
Single
borehole o
profiling
Sonic o
logging
Crosso borehole
profiling
Source x
Modeling of Waves in a Borehole
测井模型 (纵切面)
Radially layered model
Complex radially symmetric model
r
z
r
z
Modeling of Waves in a Borehole
测井模型 (横切面)
Formation
Steel
Cement
Fluid
Modeling of Waves in a Borehole
使用的方法
l
l
• 广义反射透射系数法 (稳定, 速度快)
• 归一化的数学处理 (可以模拟高频和
厚层的问题)
layers
Modeling of Waves in a Borehole
计算实例
Modeling of Waves in a Borehole
A simple fluid-filled open borehole
6000
5000
40
4000
30
Vs
2000
1000
0
0.1
0.2
Density
Qp
Qs
20
V
el
oc
it
ie
s
(m
/s
ec
)
3000
2.5
50
Vp
简单充水裸井
2
1.5
10
0.3
Radius (m)
1
0
0.4 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Radius (m)
Radius (m)
Source-receiver offset (m)
Seismograms in this simple borehole
5.44
2.44
0
1
2
Time (ms)
3
4
A damaged fluid-filled open borehole
6000
50
Velocities (m/sec)
Vp
5000
40
4000
30
Vs
3000
2.5
Qp
Qs
20
2000
有损伤的裸井
Dens ity
2
1.5
10
1000
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
Radius (m)
0.4
0
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Radius (m)
Radius (m)
Source-receiver offset (m)
Seismograms in this damaged borehole
5.44
2.44
0
1
2
Time (ms)
3
4
从远方柱面上的反射 (模型)
Model
Borehole
150 m
10 m
Vp=3 km/s
x
Vs=1.8 km/s
x
x
x
x
x Receivers
x
x
x
x
Formation I
o Source
100 m
Vp=1.9 km/s
Vs=1.4 km/s
Formation II
从远方柱面上的反射 (地震波)
Seismograms (fo = 800 Hz)
150
S
P-S
S-P
S-S
P
P-P
P-P-P-P
source - receiver
offset (m)
Tube wave
10
10
100
50
Time (ms)
150
井间地震例子
Cased
borehole
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
30 m
30 m
x
100
x
x
x
x
x
x 100 m
S-R
x
offset
x
(m)
x
x
x
x
x
x
0
Vp=5 km/s
Vs=2.9 km/s
Formation
Vs=3.3 km/s
Vp=5.8 km/s
Sources
Receivers
(a) Model. There is a fault in the formation
0
S-wave
P-wave
Tube Wave
10
20
Time (ms)
30
(b) A common receiver gather
40
一种新测井数据的模拟
(a)
(b)
(a) Layered borehole model
(b) The pressure field recorded at top, middle and bottom
3. 油田残余油强化开采的地震监测
DVp (P Wave Velocity Change Vp2-Vp1) Tomogram
Depth (ft)
-DVp/Vp (%)
3400
1.5
3900
4400
0
4900
5400
0
Top of Lower
San Andres
500
North (ft)
2500
1000
2000
1500
1500
1000
East (ft)
500
0
Time-lapse CO2 Monitoring
94 - Source well. 106, 81 - Receiver wells.
Well separations - 106-94:1216 ft, 81-94: 1479 ft.
71, 72, 82 - CO2 injection wells
35, 90, 101, 78, 290 - Production wells.
GR logs are shown at source/receiver wells.
4. 油层的地质统计描述
(QHD 32-6, 1997)
用测井数据计算孔隙度剖面
-1120
WELL10
WELL8
WELL3
WELL6 WELL4
Z3
Z3
Subsea Depth
-1170
Z3
Z3
Z3
-1220
Z4
Z4
-1270
-1320
-100
Z4
Z4
Z4
200
500
800
Distance
Porosity Based on Well Logs
GRIDSTAT Sep18 97
用地震数据计算的阻抗剖面
-1120
WELL10
WELL8
WELL3
WELL6 WELL4
Subsea Depth
-1170
-1220
-1270
-1320
-100
200
500
800
Distance
Impedance Based on Seismic Amplitude
GRIDSTAT Sep18 97
Porosity Section Integrating Seismic and Logs.
Well_10 Well_8
Well_3
Well_6
Well_4
-1000
Subsea Depth (m)
-1100
.4
.35
.3
.25
.2
.15
.1
0
-1200 Nm3
Nm4
-1300
-1400
Ng1
-1500
-1000
1000
3000
5000
Distance (m)
7000
9000
综合地震和测井数据得到的阻抗剖面
GRIDSTAT Jul 6 98
油层的三维空隙度模型
5. 地质统计软件
地质统计
• 地质统计研究空间上起伏变化的现象.
• 地质统计提供一些用于建立能描述空间变化规律
的工具.
• 这些工具包括 histogram, covariance, variogram,
kriging, 等等.
6. 断层的自动识别
7. 用生物芯片发现蛋白质生物
标志物
质谱仪
两组质谱数据以及能把它们分开的几个蛋白质
8. 差式共振声谱仪
Differential Resonance Acoustic Spectroscopy (DARS)
圆筒共振腔
DARS 共振谱
Elastic constants, Q-value and permeability may be estimated from these spectra
9. 地震监测注入地下的CO2
把二氧化碳注入地下
为什么要进行监测
l
l
探测CO2移动和泄漏的路径以保证公众的安全
了解被注入的CO2时间和空间分布以便更有效地进行注入操作
Injection
Well
Seal
CO2
Fault
10. 环形换能器超声成像
环形换能器和仿真模型
200
1580
1560
y(mm)
150
1540
1520
100
1500
1480
50
1460
0
0
50
100
x(mm)
150
200
1440
仿真模型的重建
200
Given
Model
1580
Picked
Travel Time
250
1.2
1560
100
1500
150
0.6
100
0.4
1480
50
1460
50
100
x(mm)
150
200
200
Reconstructed
Velocity Model
1440
1580
1560
150
y (mm)
0.8
Transmitter
y(mm)
1540
1520
0
0
1
200
150
1540
1520
100
1500
1480
50
1460
50
100
x (mm)
150
200
1440
50
0.2
0
50
100
150
Receiver
200
250
Reconstructed Reflectivity Model
11. 油田油储的综合监测
An integrated monitoring study:
(a) Creation of a geology model for the reservoir
(b) Flow simulation
(c) Conversion from flow properties to seismic models
(d) Seismic simulation for a given monitoring survey
(e) Seismic imaging (Migration, Tomography)
(f) Comparison with field data
(g) Updating of reservoir model with inversion results
Work Flow
Acoustic properties
of rocks
Inversion
Field Data
No
Does synthetic data
match field data?
Yes
Final Model
Acknowledgements
Jerry Harris: Borehole Waves, Attenuation
Tomography, DARS
Xiaofei Chen and Dan Moos: Borehole Waves
Chuntang Xu: DARS
Lianjie Huang: Ultrasonic tomography