Transcript Course book. Goldstein. Sensation and Perception exams two mid-terms 1½ hours each
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Course book. Goldstein. Sensation and Perception exams
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two mid terms 1½ hours each
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multiple choice + short notes
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end-of-term 2-3 hours
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30%; 30% and 40% (best counted as 40%) if not registered, go to office TA = Adria Hoover
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Room: 1022 Sherman Health Research Centre
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Office Hrs: by appointment
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Phone: Email: 416-736-2100 ext 4088 [email protected]
Instructor = Prof Laurence Harris
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Room: 1018 Sherman Health Research Centre email: [email protected]
phone: 416-736-2100 ext 66108 feel free to interrupt with questions use of web page and email http://www.yorku.ca/harris/2220
8 9 10 11 12 Timetable for 2220 (2011) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jan 4 Jan 11 Jan 18 Jan 25 Feb 1 Feb 8 Feb 15
Feb 22
March 1 March 8 March 15 March 22 March 29
<-- intro
<-- midterm 1
reading week
<-- midterm 2 TBA <-- Final exam
PSYCH 2220 Perception
http://www.yorku.ca/harris/2220
Introduction
WHAT IS PERCEPTION?
Awareness of world objects people self Depends on sensory IN but also memory
FIELDS CALLED UPON IN THIS COURSE Natural History Art Biology Medicine Philosophy Physics Neuroscience Anatomy Biochemistry
Painting by Modigliani
Penguin
MODULAR ORGANIZATION pattern place depth colour movement
Photos by Edward Muybridge
Theories about how these are put together
DEVELOPMENT
PSYCH 2220 Perception Lecture 1
ELECTRO MAGNETIC RADIATION airwaves MECHANICAL pressure (X rays…) Ultra-violet visible light infra-red (radio waves..) Ultra-sound hearing range very-low freqs From outside In air CHEMICAL In mouth From inside From same species From outside From inside
some insects human vision pit viper bats, dophins, rats human hearing whales, frogs touch, pain Lateral line of fishes vestibular organ proprioception pheromones, smell smell taste
Bee’s view of a flower – markings visible only because different parts of the petal reflect ultra-violet rays differently.
Pit Viper THE PIT
Moth
Physical World Sense Organs Brain Perception
Eye movements
Point eyes to right place
Accommodation
focus
Pupils Light Adaptation
Adjust for the light level
Transduction
Convert light energy to activity in cells
Focusing and accommodation
ACCOMMODATION
fine tuning of focus by the lens REMEMBER: most of the refraction occurs here at the CORNEA DISTANT OBJECT eg. star CLOSE OBJECT
The eye and its optics
4 - 4
SHORT SIGHTED
(Myopia)
DISTANT OBJECT eg. star
Even the relaxed lens is too strong. The rays are focused in front of the retina!
DISTANT OBJECT eg. star
The CONCAVE lens makes the rays DIVERGE, thus compensating for the unwanted strength of the eye's optics.
The eye and its optics
4 - 5
LONG SIGHTED
(Hyperopia)
CLOSE OBJECT
The fully-contracted lens cannot get strong enough. The rays are focused behind the retina!
CLOSE OBJECT
The CONVEX lens helps the rays CONVERGE, thus assisting the inadequate strength of the eye's optics.
The eye and its optics
4 - 6
Most of the refraction takes place at the air/water boundary of the CORNEA in the air No refraction takes place at the water/water boundary of the CORNEA in the water Lens in the eye of an AIR-LIVING animal
AIR LIVING
Lens in the eye of a WATER-LIVING animal
WATER LIVING
DIVING ANIMALS 1 put on a mask that keeps air in front of cornea 2 rely on a STRONG lens that can change from air-living to water living eg: otter 3 Have a FLAT cornea (to remove its influence) and then use a WATER-LIVING style lens eg. Penguin, flying fish 4 Have two pairs of eyes - one for each environment eg. Four-eyed fish 5 Use a WATER-LIVING style lens in the water and bi-pass the cornea by using a PIN HOLE pupil on land eg. seal
Air Type Water Type
Penguin
Flying fish
Four-eyed fish
Four-eyed fish
Pupils and light adaptation
Photo taken through a LARGE aperture shallow depth of field (only one distance is in focus)
Photo taken through a SMALL aperture long depth of field (lots of distances are in focus)
Structure of eye and retina