Transcript Wolf Gerrit Holzmann

Wolf Gerrit Holzmann
for the
Collaboration
2nd International Conference on Hard and Electromagnetic
Probes of High-Energy Nuclear Collisions, June 9 – 16, 2006
1
The Big Picture
Phase Diagram for Nuclear Matter
A Cue from
Lattice QCD:
Phase Transition:
T  170 MeV
  1GeV / fm3
Today’s Cold
Universe
Can we learn about the
history of the universe from
Heavy Ion Collisions?
2
Strongly Interacting Matter at RHIC
Au+Au
strongly
coupled
high energy
densities
sNN  200 GeV
Baryons
0.25
Bjorken ~ 5 - 15
GeV/fm3
~ 35 – 100 ε0
substantial
f v2
Evidence for
strongly


P


²




interacting s/ 
high energy
density matter
is compelling!


0.20
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.15
v2
1 1 dET
 Bj 
 R 2  0 dy
0.10
0.05
0.00
30
25
Ce
nt 20 15
ra
lity 10
(%
)
2.0
1.6
1.2
0.8
5
0.4
pT
)
V/c
(Ge
quark
degrees of
freedom
M. Issah
WWND 06
3
Strongly Interacting Matter at RHIC
How can we probe the properties of
strongly interacting partonic matter
at RHIC?
Jets!
Fragmentation:
p
z  hadron
p parton
Rcone
Jets are remarkable probe
for medium:
 Auto-generated early
 Calculable (pQCD)
 Calibrated
 Accessible statistically
at RHIC via correlations
4
The Game Plan
A+A
p+p
Observable
d+A
 k  AA   k  vac   k  IS nucl   k  FS nucl
2
2
2
2
5
Jet Correlations well Calibrated
p+p and d+Au jet correlations:
Phys. Rev. C73, 054903 (2006)
Clear (di)jet peaks observed in correlation function
Jet properties in p+p and d+Au very similar
6
Jet Modification in Au+Au
Jets via:
Two Particle Correlations
Jets via:
Nuclear Modification Factor
RAA 
Yield in Au  Au Events
 A  B Yield in p  p Events 
STAR
Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, (2003)
Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 202301 (2006)
Strong jet modification observed in Au+Au
What are the next steps?
7
The Next Steps, ….
It is time to become quantitative!
Prerequisite: Better experimental insights into
mechanistic details of jet modification
Need to address issues:
 new and reliable jet extraction methodologies
 interactions of jets with medium
 particle species dependence of jet modification
 system size dependence of jet modification
 energy calibration: (direct g-jet correlations
Status report of PHENIX efforts follows
8
The Need for Decomposition
Meson-Meson
(high asymmetry)
Flow
Jet
anisotropy
Baryon-Baryon
(low asymmetry)
asymmetry
Asymmetries and Anisotropies present
in Au+Au Correlation Functions
Need to Reliably Decompose Flow and Jet Signals!
9
Decomposition of Flow and Jet Signals
N.N. Ajitanand et al.
Extinction
Phys. Rev. C 72, 011902 (2005)
Two source model : Flow (H) & Jet (J)
High pt particle constrained
Correlation Function
Harmonic
Jet Function


perpendicular to RP
C  f 
 a0  H  f   J  f  
Unconstrained


1 (A) LP
harmonic
Subtraction
C  f   a0 H  f  
J  f   
a0
Jet Function
fc
f12
a0 is obtained without putting any
constraint on the Jet shape by requiring
J  fmin   0
i.e. Zero Yield At Minimum
(ZYAM)
R
Constrained
Operational Demonstration 2 (B)
vary fc Constraint byte
untill v2out ~ 0
Reliable Decomposition of Flow and Jet
10
Signals via two separate Methods
Test of Ansatz
Simulation
Data
Phys. Rev. C 72, 011902 (2005)
ZYAM subtracted J(f)
Flow extinguished C(f) = J(f)
Both Methods Agree!
Strong Away-Side Modification in Au+Au Revealed via Both Methods
11
Possible Modification of Jet Topology
hep-ph/0411315 Casalderrey-Solana,Shuryak,Teaney
nucl-th/0406018 Stoecker
hep-ph/0503158 Muller,Ruppert
Wake Effect or “sonic boom”
nucl-th/0507063 Koch, Majumder, X.-N. Wang
Cherenkov Gluon Radiation
hep-ph/0411341 Armesto,Salgado,Wiedemann
Jets and Flow couple
Can we use jets to probe the equation of state at RHIC?
12
Three Particle Correlation Method
p1 High pT
p2n, p3n
p2-n
p3-n
12
Same Side
f
p1 High pT
*
*
13
f *
f12  f13  f *
Away Side
p3-a
p2-a
Associated particles are viewed in the frame
where the high pT direction is the z-axis
13
Three Particle Correlations
f = 0 Cent=0-5%
See N.N. Ajitanand’s talk
3-particle Correlation Function
2.5  pTtrig  4.0 GeV/c
1.0  pTassoc  2.5 GeV/c

f * 
2
PHENIX Acceptance
Uncorrected, NO v2 subtraction
Indication of abnormal jets
without harmonic removal
 *  0.00
f  1100
 *  1800
PHENIX Preliminary
14 jets
Further study needed to distinguish between cone or deflected
Particle Species Dependent Jet Modification?
Large p/ ratio
Phys.Rev.Lett. 91, 172301 (2003)
Protons appear to scale
with Ncoll
Mesons are suppressed
Phys. Rev. C 72, 014903 (2005)
Are jet associated baryons modified by the medium?
15
Jet Associated Identified Partner Particles
Meson vs. Baryon associated partner (for fixed Hadron trigger)
PHENIX Preliminary
Yes, jet associated baryons are modified by the medium
16
Jet Associated Identified Conditional Yields
Meson vs. Baryon associated partner (for fixed Hadron trigger)
Different pT trends of associated meson and baryon yields
17
Jet Associated Baryon to Meson Ratio
Meson vs. Baryon associated partner (for fixed Hadron trigger)
Does the medium modify the chemistry within the jet?
18
Fully Identified Jet Functions
Meson vs. Baryon trigger (for fixed Meson partner)
Trigger particle species dependent jet modification
at intermediate pT ?
19
What about Higher pT Range, …
Trigger:
2.5<pT<4 GeV/c
Associated: 1.7<pT<2.5 GeV/c
see A. Sickles’ talk
At higher pT the story seems different ?
20
Mechanistic Details of Jet Modification
nucl-ex/0409015
What are the relative influences of:
Energy-density
Path-length (L, L2, La)
Need to look at problem in several
different ways to pin down mechanistic
details!
One approach:
fix  via Npart,
vary path length by
looking in and out of
reaction plane
D. Winter, WWND2006
STAR, PRL 93 (2004) 252301
21
Complementary Approach: Varying System Size
nucl-ex/0409015
dNch/dh very similar for Au+Au and Cu+Cu at the same Npart !
At RHIC almost all transverse energy
goes into particle production
Complementary opportunity for jet-tomography:
-> fix energy density
-> vary path length
22
Jet Modification in Au+Au and Cu+Cu
Jets via:
Nuclear Modification Factor
RAA 
Yield in Au  Au Events
 A  B Yield in p  p Events 
Jets via:
Two Particle Correlations
0
No striking difference in modification pattern observed for Au+Au
and Cu+Cu at the same Npart!
Energy density major actor!
23
Jet Modification in Cu+Cu at higher pT
J. Jia, PANIC2005
30-40% Au+Au
Npart = 114
0-10% Cu+Cu
Npart = 98
At higher pT still striking similarities between jet functions for
Au+Au and Cu+Cu at the same Npart!
24
Particle Production in Au+Au and Cu+Cu
C.M. Vale, WWND2006
Similarity between Cu+Cu and Au+Au for equivalent Npart also
seen for production of several other identified particles
It will be interesting to see the identified jet correlations in Cu+Cu…
25
En Route for g-jet Correlations, …
(inclusive! g)-jet correlations
g: 5-10 GeV/c
h: 3-5 GeV/c
For new results
on single particle (!)
direct g
see T. Isobe’s talk
f
Need to decompose correlations to
disentangle (direct g)-jet correlations, …
26
Summary
Flow results give compelling evidence of strongly interacting
fluid with quark degrees of freedom
The matter strongly modifies particle production
Robust decomposition techniques allow detailed studies of jets.
Extracted jet functions indicate strong, particle species dependent
away-side modification.
New Three-Particle correlation method suggests that a distinction
Between deflected jets and mach cones is possible. Presently, do
not rule out jet induced mach cones as a potential source of the
away-side modification
Jet modification does not show strong dependence on system size
Combination of observables crucial for elucidating mechanistic
origin of jet modification at RHIC
27
 University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
 Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, China
 China Institute of Atomic Energy (CIAE), Beijing, P. R. China
 Peking University, Beijing, P. R. China
 Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Ke Karlovu 3, 12116
Prague, Czech Republic
 Czech Technical University, Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical
Engineering, Brehova 7, 11519 Prague, Czech Republic
 Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na
Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic
 Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire (LPC), Universite de ClermontFerrand, 63 170 Aubiere, Clermont-Ferrand, France
 Dapnia, CEA Saclay, Bat. 703, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
 IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, BP1, F-91406 Orsay, France
 Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Route de
Saclay, F-91128 Palaiseau, France
 SUBATECH, Ecòle des Mines at Nantes, F-44307 Nantes France
 University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
 KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics at the Hungarian
Academy of Sciences (MTA KFKI RMKI), Budapest, Hungary
 Debrecen University, Debrecen, Hungary
 Eövös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest, Hungary
 Banaras Hindu University, Banaras, India
 Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Bombay, India
 Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
 Center for Nuclear Study (CNS-Tokyo), University of Tokyo, Tanashi, Tokyo
188, Japan
 Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739, Japan
 KEK - High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba,
Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
 Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki-shi, Nagasaki, Japan
 RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan
 RIKEN – BNL Research Center, Japan, located at BNL
 Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima,
Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
 Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
 University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba-shi Ibaraki-ken 305-8577,
Japan
 Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
 Cyclotron Application Laboratory, KAERI, Seoul, South Korea
 Kangnung National University, Kangnung 210-702, South Korea
 Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Korea
 Myong Ji University, Yongin City 449-728, Korea
 System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul National University, Seoul, South
Korea
 Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
 IHEP (Protvino), State Research Center of Russian Federation "Institute for
High Energy Physics", Protvino 142281, Russia
 Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR-Dubna), Dubna, Russia
 Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia
 PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region,
188300, Russia
 Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State
University, Vorob'evy Gory, Moscow 119992, Russia
 Saint-Petersburg State Polytechnical Univiversity, Politechnicheskayastr, 29,
St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
Map No. 3933 Rev. 2
A ugust 1999
UNI T ED NAT IONS
Depart ment of P ubli c I nformat ion
Cart ographi c S ecti on
13 Countries; 62 Institutions; 550+ Participants*
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

















Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas, USA
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY 11973, USA
University of California - Riverside (UCR), Riverside, CA 92521, USA
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
Columbia University, Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY 10533, USA
Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL 32901, USA
Florida State University (FSU), Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
Georgia State University (GSU), Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
Iowa State University (ISU) and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA 50011, USA
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA 94550, USA
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook (USB),
Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony
Brook (USB), Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
28
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
University of Tennessee (UT), Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
*as of March 2005
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
29
30
T. Renk, J. Ruppert
hep-ph/0509036
Away-side peak consistent
with mach-cone scenario
nucl-ex/0507004
Strong centrality dependent modification
of away-side jet in Au+Au
What is (are) the mechanism(s)
for modification ?
nucl-th/0406018 Stoecker
hep-ph/0411315 Casalderrey-Solana, et al
Not the only explanation:
Cherenkov gluon radiation: nucl-th/0507063
Koch, Majumder, X.-N. Wang
Jets and Flow couple: hep-ph/0411341
31
Armesto,Salgado,Wiedemann
32
DELPHI
Baryon yield dependence
consistent with jet physics
in e-e collisions
33
Analysis performed with the PHENIX detector
TOF timing resolution: ~120 ps
PHENIX EMC (PbSc)
New PID results for
sNN  200 GeV
PID analysis is an extension
of PRL. 91, 182301, 2003 (TOF)
Differences
• PID analysis with EMCAL (PbSc)
(6 sectors) + TOF detector
• High statistics
• detailed centrality and pT results
EMC timing resolution: ~400 ps 34
Two Source Model
Correlation Function
C  f 
 Harmonic Jet Function 
 a0  H  f   J  f  


Jet-Pair Fraction:
JPF   a0 J (f ) /  C(f )
AB
n
Efficiency corrected
CY  JPF  A t B  ntB
Conditional yield (CY):
nt  nt
Efficiency corrected
Conditional yield (CY):
CY  JPF 
n AB
n n
A
B

n
t
B
Eff. Corrected pair rate
Eff. Corrected
Singles yields
Recorded values
35
PHENIX Preliminary
Broadening of away-side jet observed in central/semicentral Cu+Cu collisions
36
Au+Au @ 62.4 GeV
37