Transcript IR Communication Materials taken from a variety of sources by Andy Lindsay

IR Communication
Materials taken from a variety of sources
including IR Remote for the Boe-Bot
by Andy Lindsay
The Plan: Use a TV Remote to
Communicate with the Boe-Bot
IR signal
Sony TV remote
control
PWM
What is IR: Visible Light Waves
What is Infrared
The IR Signal

The IR detector is only looking for infrared
that’s flashing on and off 38,500 times
per second.
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It has built-in optical filters that allow very
little light except the 980 nm infrared.
It also has an electronic filter that only allows
signals around 38.5 kHz to pass through.
This is the type of signal produced by the
remote control.
This prevents IR interference from
common sources such as sunlight and
indoor lighting.
Important Concepts
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Pulse width modulation (PWM): Pulse durations are
used in many applications, a few of which are motor
control, and communication. Since the IR detector
sends low pulses that can be measured to determine
what information the IR remote is sending, it's an
example of using PWM for communication.
Carrier signal: The IR remote uses a 38.5 kHz "carrier
signal" to transmit the pulse durations from the remote
to the IR detector.
Communication protocol: A communication protocol
is a set of rules for devices that have to exchange
electronic messages. Protocols tend to have rules for
voltages, the amount of time signals last, carrier signal
frequencies and/or wavelengths, and much more.
When two or more devices follow the rules of a given
protocol, they should be able to communicate and
exchange information.
The TV Remote Control

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You must configure your universal remote
so that it sends PWM messages to a
television set using the SONY protocol.
TV remote setup

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Press and release the TV key.
Press and hold the SET key until the indicator
LED on the remote turns on and stays on.
Use the digit keys to enter 0001. The LED may
turn off briefly as you press each digit.
VCR remote setup



Press and release the VCR key.
Press and hold the SET key until the indicator
LED on the remote turns on and stays on.
Use the digit keys to enter 1028. The LED may
turn off briefly as you press each digit.
The Protocol
Protocol Details
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This message consists of thirteen negative pulses that
the BASIC Stamp can easily measure.
 1: the start pulse, which lasts for 2.4 ms.
 2-13: will either last for 1.2 ms (binary-1) or 0.6 ms
(binary-0).
 2-8: indicates which key is pressed.
 9-13: indicate if the message is being sent to a TV,
VCR, CD, DVD player, etc.
Pulses are transmitted in least significant bit first
fashion.
 the first data pulse is bit-0.
 the next data pulse is bit-1
 Etc.
If you press and hold a key on the remote, the same
message will be sent over and over again with a 20 to
30 ms rest between messages.
How the IR Detector Works
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The Boe-Bot IR receiver is the same detector
found in many TVs and VCRs.
This detector sends a low signal whenever it
detects IR flashing on/off at 38.5 kHz and a high
signal the rest of the time.
When the IR detector sends low signals, the
processor inside a TV or VCR measures how long
each of the low signals lasts. Then, it uses these
measurements to figure out which key was
pressed on the remote.
Like the processor inside a TV, the Basic Stamp
can be programmed to detect, measure, store,
and interpret the sequence of low pulses it
receives from the IR detector.
Schematic
PULSIN Command
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Complementary command to PULSOUT
The syntax for the PULSIN command is
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PULSIN Pin, State, Variable
Pin: the I/O pin for measuring the pulse.
State is used to determine whether the pulse is a
high pulse (1) or a low pulse (0).
Variable stores the pulse duration measured in units
of 2 micro-seconds.
The IR pulses are inverted (i.e., low). To
measure them with the IR detector circuit,
you will have to use the command:


PULSIN pin#, 0, variableName
pin# is the pin connected to the IR detector;
pin 9 in the previous slide.
Using PULSIN
time VAR Word
counter VAR Word
DO
PULSIN 9, 1, time
IF (time > 1000) THEN
counter = counter + 1
Storing Pulse Width: Arrays
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This array declaration
creates twelve different
word variables, each of
which can store its own
value: time(0), time(1),
time(2), and so on, up
through time(11).
Each of the elements in
the time array can store
a different value between
0 and 65535.
Reading IR Messages
time VAR Word(12)
' SONY TV remote variables.
index VAR Nib
DEBUG "time ARRAY PWM MEASUREMENTS", CR, "Element Duration, 2-us", CR, "------- ----------"
DO
' Beginning of main loop.
DO
' Wait for rest between messages.
PULSIN 9, 1, time(0)
LOOP UNTIL time(0) > 1000
PULSIN 9, 0, time(0)
' Measure/store data pulses.
PULSIN 9, 0, time(1)
PULSIN 9, 0, time(2)
PULSIN 9, 0, time(3)
PULSIN 9, 0, time(4)
PULSIN 9, 0, time(5)
PULSIN 9, 0, time(6)
PULSIN 9, 0, time(7)
PULSIN 9, 0, time(8)
PULSIN 9, 0, time(9)
PULSIN 9, 0, time(10)
PULSIN 9, 0, time(11)
FOR index = 0 TO 11
' Display 12 pulse measurements in units of 2 micro-secs.
DEBUG CRSRXY, 0, 4 + index, "time(", DEC index, ")",
CRSRXY, 9, 4 + index, DEC time(index)
NEXT
LOOP
' Repeat main loop.
Interpreting the IR Message
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The Idea: represent the pulse sequence as a bit
sequence.
The IR message consists of thirteen pulses with
the following format:
 1: the start pulse lasts for 2.4 ms.
 2-13: will either last for 1.2 ms (binary-1) or 0.6
ms (binary-0).
Map the duration of pulses 2-8 to their
corresponding binary value
 Use PULSIN and RCTIME to measure the
pulse duration
 Use the .BIT modifier to create the
corresponding binary representation
How It Works
remoteCode VAR Byte
remoteCode = 0
RCTIME is used because
the IF…THEN statement
does not finish until after
the next data pulse has
already begun.
Since the start of the
pulse (its negative edge)
is missed while the
IF…THEN statement is
executing, PULSIN
cannot properly detect
the beginning of the
pulse.
Code Sample
time VAR Word
remoteCode VAR Byte
remoteCode = 0
DO
RCTIME 9, 1, time
LOOP UNTIL time > 1000
PULSIN 9, 0, time IF time > 500 THEN remoteCode.BIT0 = 1
RCTIME 9, 0, time IF time > 300 THEN remoteCode.BIT1 = 1
RCTIME 9, 0, time IF time > 300 THEN remoteCode.BIT2 = 1
…
RCTIME 9, 0, time IF time > 300 THEN remoteCode.BIT5 = 1
RCTIME 9, 0, time IF time > 300 THEN remoteCode.BIT6 = 1
DEBUG CRSRXY, 4, 3, BIN8 remoteCode,
CRSRXY, 14, 3, DEC2 remoteCode