Transcript Chapter 8 Muscular Analysis of Upper Extremity Exercises
Chapter 8
Muscular Analysis of Upper Extremity Exercises
Contralateral Assessment 10-15% difference
Muscular Balance
Agonist to Antagonist Ratio Anterior to Posterior Development
Activity Analysis Concepts
Muscles are usually grouped (aggregate) according to their concentric function (agonists) and work in paired opposition to an antagonistic muscle group.
Elbow Flexion Shouler Extension Supination Cooperative Teamwork Agonists: • Concentric contraction Antagonists: • • Lengthening without tension: Lengthening under tension:
Kinetic Chain Concept
Body Extremities – Several bony segments linked by a series of joints. These are likened unto a linkage system of a chain. Open Kinetic Chain : Distal end of the extremity is
NOT
fixed to any surface • Core of body and proximal segment are
stabilized
• Any joint in the extremity can move or function separately without causing movement in other joints of the extremity.
• Allow you to
isolate
group) a particular joint (muscle or muscle •
Sheer forces and distractive forces
joint are acting on the Closed Kinetic Chain : Distal end of the extremity is fixed • Movement of one joint causes predictable movement in other joints of the extremity.
• Involves several joints and muscle groups – how most activity occurs • Joint is more stable due to
compressive forces
weight bearing.
from
Analysis of Movement
1. Analyze movement of each involved joint by individual movement phase 2. Determine which muscles are performing the movement 3. Know what type of muscle contraction is occurring 4. Understand role of antagonists, synergists, stabilizers, neutralizers, etc.
5. Know exercises to strengthen and stretch the involved muscles Click for movie Click for movie
Movement Phases
Stance Phase Balanced body position from which to initiate skill/movement Relatively static phase accomplished through isometric contractions Preparatory Phase (cocking or wind-up) Place the involved muscles in stretch position in preparation for concentric muscle contraction Movement Phase (acceleration or action) Summation of force – near maximal concentric muscle activity of involved muscles Follow-Through Phase (deceleration) Begins immediately following climax of movement phase Eccentric muscle contraction of antagonistic muscles to movement Recovery Phase Regain balance and positioning Muscles used to eccentrically decelarate movement essentially used concentrically to initiate return to normal position Baseball Pitch
Movement Phases
Lifting Phase:
concentric contraction overcoming resistance, causing movement
Lowering Phase:
eccentric contraction controlling resistance Dips Bench Press Pull up