Transcript Document 7772272

History & Future Of The ASCM
1
First ASCM Battle

1967 Four STYX fired at INS Eilat (ex HMS Zealous)
• Three Hit, One missed lack of target - Ship Sunk
Eilat
Styx
Komar
2
Sinking of Orit 1970


Four STYX fired at Israeli fishing boat
Within Port Said Harbor
• Near miss sank Small wooden Vessel
Showed limited capability to
Attack small targets
3
Indo-Pakistan War 1971
2 Paki Destroyers Khaibar
& Badr and one
Minesweeper Muhafiz
Karachi
IN Missile Boats
9 Styx Launch 8 Hit target
Both Land & Sea
British Merchant
Oil Storage Tank
4
Arab-Israeli War 1973
Battle of Latakia Oct 6
Gabriel
Sy Minesweeper & Torpedo Boat
ISN engaged 3 Gabriel
Sy OSA/Komar Fired 8 Styx at Saars
ISN Counter Chaff & EA (no Hits)
ISN attacked 11 Gabriel 6 Hits
Five Saar 4
5
Arab-Israeli War 1973
Battle of Baltim Oct 8
4 EG OSAs fired 16 Styx
ISN Countered Chaff & EA
(no Hits)
ISN Saar’s Launched 12 Gabriel
6 Hits, 3 OSA Sunk, 1 escaped
undamaged into harbor
Komar
Six Saar 4
6
Arab-Israeli War 1973
Second Battle of Latakia Oct 10
Syria used large merchants as
Decoys. Dart out to fire missiles
12 Styx fired all deceived by EA
3 OSA
Israel responded with 8 Gabriel
5 hit targets 2 were merchants
2 SY OSAs were sunk
Seven Saar 4
7
Arab-Israeli War 1973
Battle of Tartus Oct 11
Syria once again used large
merchants as decoys.
Israel launched 8 Gabriel
2 SY OSAs were sunk
2 missiles each
2 OSA
3 Styx fired all deceived by EA
One Soviet Merchant hit 2 missile
Five Saar 4
8
Arab-Israeli War 1973
Additional Incidents (one side fired No Hits)
Oct 6 – 2 Saars Fired 11 Gabriels at 5 EG OSAs
OSA ducked back in Alexandria Harbor
Oct 7 – 2 SY Komars fired 4 Styx at 5 Saars
From Latakia Harbor
Oct 12 – 2 EG Komars fired 4 Styx at 3 LST
Impacted land
Note:
23 of 50 Gabriel hit their Targets (3 Merchants (Soviet)???)
9
Iran-Iraq War 1980-1987
55 Exocet Missiles Fired
54 Hit their Target
51 Detonated Properly
13-30k tons
20% Sunk
60% Major Damage
20% Minor Damage
70-300K tons (Super Tankers)
60% Major Damage
40% Minor Damage
USS Stark
10
Iran-Iraq War 1980-1987
7-8 Harpoon Missiles Fired
Iran claims sinking
4 Iraqi OSAs
Harpoon
2 OSA
Combattante II
11
Falklands War-1982
Attack on Argentine Patrol Boats May 3
2 British Lynx fired 2 missiles each
4 Hits
1 Sunk
1 Severe Damage
Lynx Firing
Sea Skua
Somellera
Alferez Sobral
12
Falklands War-1982
Attack on HMS Sheffield May 4
2 Exocets Fired Indiscriminately at
British Forces
No Actions Taken to Counter Threat
One Missile Hit (Fail to Detonate)
Super Etendard
Sheffield
Exocet
13
Falklands War-1982
Attack on HMS Ambuscade May 25
2 Exocets Fired
HMS Launched Chaff
Missile seduced to decoys
Super Etendard
HMS Ambuscade
14
Falklands War-1982
Attack on HMS Atlantic Conveyor
2 Exocets Fired at HMS Ambuscade
HMS Launched Chaff
Missile seduced to decoys
2 Missile flew thru Chaff hit HMS A.C.
Super Etendard
HMS Atlantic Conveyor
15
Falklands War-1982
Attack on HMS Avenger May 27
1 Exocet Fired
Missed target
Note: Avenger took no action
Trailer Launched
Exocet
HMS Avenger
16
Falklands War-1982
Attack on HMS Invincible May 30
1 Exocet Fired
HMS Invincible Launched Chaff
Missile seduced to decoys
Super Etendard
With Exocet
HMS Invincible
17
Falklands War-1982
Attack on HMS Glamorgan June 11
1 Exocet Fired and Hit
HMS Attempted to shoot down (Sea
Cat) No Countermeasures
Trailer Launched Exocet
The Result
HMS Glamorgan
Sea Cat
18
Battle of Sidra -1986
6 Harpoon launched by USS
Yorktown and A-6E
3 Hits, 2 Sunk and 3 Misses
Harpoon
Nanuchka II
Combattante II
19
Operation Praying Mantis 1988
First incident
Simpson
Bagley
Joshan
Harpoon
US Responded with
StandardHarpoon
Missile (in
IR5launches
at US SAG
the Surface-to Surface
Mode)detect
all 5 Hit
US Forces
launch and
A final US Harpoon Launched
missed
employbut
countermeasures
Lack of freeboardMissile
present passed down STBD side
USS Wainwright thru Chaff
Wainwright
20
Operation Praying Mantis 1988
Second incident
A-6E Fired Harpoon – Hit
A-6E and Ship Fired Harpoons
Simultaneous Impact
Saam Frigate Sunk
Sahand
A-6E
Jack Williams
Strauss
Harpoon
O’Brien
21
Persian Gulf War 1991
Iraq Fired 2 Silkworm Missiles at
USS Missouri
One Flew over Missouri and was
Downed by Sea Dart
One Missed
Sea Dart Firing
Silkworm
USS Missouri
22
Persian Gulf War
The Numbers
One Harpoon (fired by a Saudi patrol craft at an
Iraqi mine laying barge, sinking it)
Harpoon
"The Battle of Bubiyan.”
The most significant engagement 30 January as
several Iraqi ships / boats attempted to flee to Iran.
24 Sea Skua Fired by British Lynx 4-8 Ships Sunk
The Totals
AT SEA
IN PORT
38 damaged
49 damaged or sunk
23 severely damaged
33 sunk
Lynx Firing
Sea Skua
23
The Totals
Missiles Fired: 228
Missile Hits:120
Ships Sunk: 35
Missiles Fired at Defended Targets: 125
Number Missiles hard killed: 1
24
Integrated Hard-Kill & Soft-Kill

Tactical Deficiency

There are no sound tactical methods for integrating
hard-kill & soft-kill planning/execution in an ASMD
environment
Sea Strike Gaps: Integrate IO (non kinetic) & kinetic
operations
Sea Shield Gaps: Utilize cross warfare decision aids

Fleet impact today




Many misconceptions at CO/TAO level on
employment of integrated capabilities
Warfighters treat ASMD as an either/or situation (i.e
hard-kill or soft-kill, but not both)
25
Afloat Dilemma vs. ASCM
Hard-kill?
Soft-kill?
Hard-kill & Soft-kill is the solution!
Inbound Threat
26
Project Organization







Sponsor
NIOC Norfolk, coordinated
with SWDG
Other Contributors
NWDC, other WCOEs,
staffs
Proposed Lead Developer
Contractor with NIOC-N
working closely with
SWDG
27
Future Threat
RF frequencies below 0.5 GHz or above 18.0 GHz, millimeter wave (MMW).
EO/IR systems that use detectors outside the 2.5 to 8 micron visible EO band
Hyper frequency agility.
Low probability of intercept emissions such as:
Spread-spectrum (SS) bandwidths greater than 200 MHz
Complex waveforms such as ultra wide bandwidth or chirp
Coherent processing techniques: pulse compression, CW,pulse-Doppler
CNA Study on LPI and MMW
28
Low Probability of Intercept con’t
Multiple frequencies (dual-band [I/K] surveillance and targeting radars)
Pseudo-random signal structures
(frequency, phase, and pulse agile systems that never look same)
True, totally random pulse repetition interval/frequency change capability
EA systems that deceive or saturate ES systems
Develop Requirements/Capabilities to Solve These Threats
29
History Of The ASCM
30