Transcript Dining Services: who, where, and why Jason Bash Terri-Anne Segovia

Dining Services:
who, where, and why
Jason Bash
Terri-Anne Segovia
Linda Lomelino
Patrick Doherty
Mission Statement:
• Everyday, Dartmouth students travel to their favorite
dining halls for their meals. There are various factors
that could affect their preferences, in this survey we
address three factors that could affect dining hall
preference.
• Purpose: to test and conclude whether or not there
exists a dinning hall preference amongst different
sexes, housing locations on campus, and classes.
• To test if dinning hall preference is independent of
sex, location, and preference.
Dining Locations
•
•
•
•
•
Food Court
Homeplate
Collis
Lone Pine Tavern
Hop
Dining Map
Dining Halls: Collis, Thayer, Hop
Seating Capacity
•
•
•
•
Collis: 168 seats
Food Court: 300 seats
Homeplate: 242 seats
Lone Pine Tavern: 72 seats
Housing
• According to Dartmouth Statistics, the
college houses a little over 2,700 students
at a time, organized into 8 areas
• 85% of the student body lives on campus
while 15% live off campus
How housing on campus is
clustered and organized:
• Butterfield/Russell Sage/Gold Coast: 174 beds
• Choates and North Hall: 294 beds
• East Wheelock (Andres McCulloch Morton Zimmerman)
: 314 beds
• Fayerweathers/Ripley/Woodward/Smith: 363 beds
• Hitchcock and Massachusetts Row : 358 beds
• The Lodge and Topliff/New Hampshire: 367 beds
• The River and The Treehouses: 506 beds
• Wheeler/Richardson and Affinity Programs (Asian
Studies Center/Shabazz Center/Foley
Cooperative/International/La Casa/Latin American/Native
American): 279 beds
Sample Population
• Our goal was to survey a variety of
students both male and female from
different classes and different housing
locations on campus
• Our method: used the DND finder to
randomly sample classes, and then
supplemented that with class lists.
• Disregarded students living off campus
and in fraternities/sororities
Sample Survey
•
•
•
•
Class:
Sex:
Dorm (where do you live):
Or do you live off campus:
Responses
• 264 responses after eliminating those who
lived off campus and in fraternities and
sororities
• 146 male 118 female
• 164 freshman 100 non-freshman
Results: overall student preference
Students (%)
Foodcourt Homeplate Collis Hop
22.73
35.23
25.76 13.26
Lone Pine
3.03
Results: overall student preference
Dining Hall Preference
Percent who Prefer
40
35
30
25
20
Students
15
10
5
0
Foodcourt
Homeplate
Collis
Dining Hall
Hop
Lone Pine
Results: dorms
Dorm Foodcourt Homeplate
Gold Coast
27.03
35.14
The Choates
21.05
42.11
East Wheelock
25.93
11.11
The Fayers
15
40
Mass Row
23.08
38.46
Topliff/New Hamp
35.71
28.57
Wheeler/Richardson
20
40
The River
20.69
27.59
Collis
32.43
18.42
48.15
20
38.46
21.43
10
31.03
Hop Lone Pine
2.7
2.7
14.91
3.51
11.11
3.7
20
5
0
0
14.29
0
20
10
20.69
0
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Percent who Prefer
Results: dorms
Dining Hall Preference By Dorm
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Foodcourt
Homeplate
Collis
Hop
Lone Pine
Dorm
Results: male vs. female
Sex Foodcourt Homeplate Collis Hop Lone Pine
Males (%)
29.45
31.51 17.8 16
4.79
Females (%)
14.41
39.83 35.6 9.3
0.85
Results: male vs. female
Percent who Prefer
Dining Hall Preference By Sex
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Males
Females
Foodcourt
Homeplate
Collis
Dining Hall
Hop
Lone Pine
2 Proportion Z-tests: male vs. female
• One Tailed Tests:
• Food Court
• Null Hypothesis: Males and Females prefer
Food Court in the same proportion.
• Alternative Hypothesis: Males prefer Food Court
in a higher proportion than Females.
• Z-Score: -2.90
• p-value: .00186
• Using a .05 significance level, we would reject
the null hypothesis.
2 Proportion Z-tests: male vs. female
• Home Plate
• Null Hypothesis: Females and Males prefer
Home Plate in the same proportion.
• Alternative Hypothesis: Females prefer Home
Plate in a higher proportion than Males.
• Z-Score: 1.407
• p-value: .0796
• Using a .05 significance level, we would not
reject the null hypothesis.
Two Tailed Tests: female vs. male
• Collis
• Null Hypothesis: Males and Females prefer
Collis in the same proportion.
• Alternative Hypothesis: Males and Females
prefer Collis in different proportions.
• Z-Score: 3.285
• p-value: .00101
• Using a .05 significance level, we would reject
the null hypothesis.
Two Tailed Tests: female vs. male
• The Hop
• Null Hypothesis: Males and Females prefer The
Hop in the same proportion.
• Alternate Hypothesis: Males and Females prefer
The Hop in different proportions.
• Z-Score: -1.695
• p-value: .090
• Using a .05 significance level, we would not
reject the null hypothesis.
Two Tailed Tests: female vs. male
• Lone Pine Tavern
• Null Hypothesis: Males and Females prefer
Lone Pine in the same proportion.
• Alternative Hypothesis: Males and Females
prefer Lone Pine in different proportions.
• Z-Score: -1.86
• p-value: .0628
• Using a .05 significance level, we would not
reject the null hypothesis.
2 Proportion Z-Test’s: Freshman vs.
Upper Classmen (2 tailed)
• Food Court: Null Hypothesis: Freshman and Upper Classmen
prefer Food Court in the same proportion - NOT REJECTED
• Home Plate: Null Hypothesis: Freshman and Upper Classmen
prefer Home Plate in the same proportion. - REJECTED
• Collis: Null Hypothesis: Freshman and Upper Classmen prefer
Collis in the same proportion. - REJECTED
• Hop: Null Hypothesis: Freshman and Upper Classmen prefer
The Hop in the same proportion. - NOT REJECTED
• Lone Pine: Null Hypothesis: Freshman and Upper Classmen
prefer Lone Pine in the same proportion. - NOT REJECTED
Chi Square Test
• Null: Each Dining Hall is
proportionately equally
popular
• Alternative: Some Dining
Halls are more popular
than others
• X2 = 46.70
• Significance Level = .05
• Critical Value = 9.488
• Using a .05 significance
level, we would reject the
null hypothesis.
Dining Hall # of Seats % of Seats Expected Observed
Food Court
300
31.06
45.91
60
Homeplate
242
25.05
50.29
93
Collis
168
17.39
82
68
The Hop
184
19.05
66.13
35
Lone Pine
72
7.45
19.67
8
Chi Square Test
• Null: Each Dining Hall is
equally popular to students
living in the cluster with
Butterfield.
• Alternate: Some Dining Halls
are more popular than others
with students living in the
cluster with Butterfield.
• X2 = 86.77
• Significance Level = .05
• Critical Value = 9.488
• Using a .05 significance level,
we would reject the null
hypothesis.
Dining Hall Food Court Homeplate Collis Hop Lone Pine
Observed
10
13
12
1
1
Expected
7.4
7.4 7.4 7.4
7.4
Chi Square Test
• Null: Each Dining Hall is
equally popular to students
living in the Choates.
• Alternate: Some Dining Halls
are more popular than others
with students living in the
Choates
• X2 = 103.78
• Significance Level = .05
• Critical Value = 9.488
• Using a .05 significance level,
we would reject the null
hypothesis.
Dining Hall Food Court Homeplate Collis Hop Lone Pine
Observed
24
48
21 17
4
Expected
22.8
22.8 22.8 23
22.8
Chi Squared Test for Independence
Is Dining Hall preference independent of a
student’s Dorm?
• Null Hypothesis: Dining Hall preference is
independent of a student’s Dorm
• Alternate Hypothesis: Dining Hall preference
is not independent of a student’s Dorm
Observed vs. Expected
Observed
Dorm
Buterfield/ Russel Sage and Gold Coast
The Choates and North Hall
East Wheelock
The Fayers and Rip/Wood/Smith
Hitchcock and Mass Row
The Lodge and Topliff/New Hamp
Wheeler/Richardson and Affinity Programs
The River and Treehouses
Foodcourt Homeplate
13
10
48
24
3
7
8
3
5
3
4
5
4
2
8
6
Collis
12
21
13
4
5
3
1
9
Hop Lone Pine
1
1
4
17
1
3
1
4
0
0
0
2
1
2
0
6
Expected
Dorm
Buterfield/ Russel Sage and Gold Coast
The Choates and North Hall
East Wheelock
The Fayers and Rip/Wood/Smith
Hitchcock and Mass Row
The Lodge and Topliff/New Hamp
Wheeler/Richardson and Affinity Programs
The River and Treehouses
Foodcourt Homeplate
7.4
7.4
22.8
22.8
5.4
5.4
4
4
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.8
2
2
7.8
7.8
Collis
7.4
22.8
5.4
4
2.6
2.8
2
7.8
Hop Lone Pine
7.4
7.4
22.8
22.8
5.4
5.4
4
4
2.6
2.6
2.8
2.8
2
2
7.8
7.8
Chi Squared Test for Independence
• X2 = 30.93
• p-value = .32
• Degrees of Freedom = (Rows-1) x
(Columns –1) = 28
• Significance Level = .05
• Using a .05 significance level, we would
not reject the null hypothesis
Conclusions
• Collis/ Food Court: significant difference in
preference amongst males and females
• Hop/Lone Pine/Homeplate: no significant
difference
• Collis/Homeplate: significant diff. In preference
amongst freshman and non-freshman
• no significant difference at Food Court, Hop or
Lone Pine.
• not all dining halls were equally preferred
amongst the entire student body sampled
Conclusions continued…
• From the results of our Chi Squared test
for independence between dinning hall
preference and dorm location we were
unable to reject the null hypothesis that
states that they were independent from
each other.
What can DDS do with this
information?
• Even though we only scratched the surface, we
can conclude that preference is not related to
size
• DDS could make a better use of its resources by
focusing on the dining halls that are preferred by
students
• They could also find out why some dining halls
are preferred and add those factors to those that
are unpopular
Sources
• Dartmouth students
• DDS Online
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~dds/index.html
• Housing Stats
http://www.dartmouth.edu/~tour/walking/06
ass_row.html