Transcript John von Neumann von Neumann architecture used in most non-parallel processing computers

John von Neumann
“First draft of a Report on
the EDVAC”
30 June, 1945
Founding document of modern
computing
von Neumann architecture used in
most non-parallel processing computers
János von Neumann
1903-1957
Non-practicing Jewish family
Mathematical prodigy and party
animal
Ph.D. in mathematics from the
University of Budapest at the
age of 23
John von
Neumann
 Princeton University 1930
 the father of game theory
 during World War II part of
the Manhattan Project to
develop the first atomic
weapons
 mathematical formulation
of quantum mechanics
heavily based on statistical
concepts
John von Neumann
Designed first
examples of selfreplicating automata
with pencil and graph
paper
Explored problems of numerical hydrodynamics
Died of cancer in Washington D.C
Human Calculating Machine
North American Aviation, early 1950’s
Ten Years Later
Same company with two IBM 7090 computers
for designing and testing rocket engines
Eckert and Mauchly
Computer Corporation
1948
Computing after 1945 is the story of people, who at critical
moments, redefined the nature of the technology itself
Univac I
used 5,200 vacuum tubes
weighed 13 metric tons
consumed 125 kW/h
1,905 operations per second running
on a 2.25 MHz clock
mercury delay line memory unit
4.3 m × 2.4 m × 2.6 m
Univac I
 complete system occupied more than 35.5 m²
 main memory 1000 words of 11 decimal digits plus
sign (72 bit words)
 The input and output memory 120 words, consisting of
12 channels of 10 word mercury registers
Univac I
 Between $1,250,000
and $1,500,000
 46 systems built and
delivered
Univac I
mercury delay
line memory
7 large mercury tanks
eighteen 10-word channels
horizontal columns of mercury with sending
and receiving piezoelectric quartz crystals at
each end
channels separated by metal tube
waveguides as the data bits moved through
the mercury
Univac I
Each 10-word channel
held 910 bits
910-bits re-circulated every 404 µ-seconds
Frequency of the carrier wave for the 910 bits
as they moved through the mercury column
was 11.25 Mhz
Main clock in sync with 910 bits of a 10 word
channel and provided timing for all operations
Admiral Grace Hopper
I am pleased that history
recognizes the first to
invent something, but I
am more concerned with
the first person to make it
work. – Grace Hopper
1906 - 1992
Grace Hopper
 Wrote the first manual
of operations
 Invented the compiler
 First debugger
 "progenitor" of COBOL
An Wang
1920 - 1990
 1948 -PhD in applied physics
Harvard University
 1951-Founded Wang Labs
 1955-Awarded patent for a pulse transfer
controlling device that made the magnetic core
possible, which he also invented
 1965 -Introduced LOCI the first calculator that
produces a logarithm in one single keystroke
Magnetic core memory
Magnetic core memory
Magnetic core memory
Magnetic core
memory
Magnetic core
memory
Transistors
Invented in Bell Laboratories
Working as memory in the lab in the early 1950’s
The Third Generation
The microscopic
integrated circuit
combined many hundreds
of transistors into one unit
for fabrication.