Transcript Document 7718301

Impact of Distributed Generation on
Voltage Profile in Deregulated
Distribution Systems
By: Walid El-Khattam
University of Waterloo, Canada
E-mail: [email protected]
1
Goals of this Paper:
1.
Describe The Benefits of Implementing Distributed
Generation (DG) in The Distribution Network as a
Source of Active Power.
2.
Discuss an EMTDC Simulation Case to Emphasize
The Benefits of DG on:
a) Improving The Network Voltage Profile.
b) Reducing The Network Power Loss.
c) Reducing The System Components Capacities.
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Distributed Generation (DG):
 Types:
*
Fuel Cell (FC)
*
*
Micro-Turbines (MT)
Renewable Energy:
- Photovoltaic (PV)
- Wind Turbines
- Storage Energy (Batteries, Flywheels)
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S Tr.
S Tr.
Main Centralized
Generation Plant
TL
TL
Transmission System
DSS
DSS
Gas Turbine
Fuel Cell
Micro Turbine
DSS
DSS
PV
Flywheel
Gas Turbine
Batteries
Commercial Load
Fuel Cell
Industrial Load
Distribution System
Residential Loads
Distribution Network Is No More Vertically Operated
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Describe Briefly The Benefits of DG:
1) Economic Point of View:
a) Save world’s fuels reservoirs
b) Save T&D Expansions Costs
c) Increase the electric power equipment lifetime
d) Can Be Installed incrementally
e) Provide Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
f) Not Restricted by Geographically Limitations
g) Reduce the wholesale power price (Location Margin Pricing LMP)
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Describe Briefly The Benefits of DG:
2) Operation Point of View:
a) Positive Impact on Distribution Network’s Voltage profile
b) Reduce System’s Power Losses
c) Satisfy the Thermal Constraints of T&D feeders
d) Help for “Peak Load Shaving”
e) Maintain System’s Continuity, Stability and Reliability
f) Provide Local Reliability (in case of emergency and main source’s
outages as standby generation)
g) Maintain System’s Security and reinforce the Critical Electric
Power Infrastructure (Small Islanding)
h) Positive Impact on Environmental and eliminate/Reduce
emissions
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study:
The Distribution Network Under Study
Lat
2
L7
L8
L2
MF
L3
Distribution
Substation
L4
Lat1
L5
L6
Lat3
L9
L10
L11
L12
L13
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study:
System Voltage Profile Without and With DG at L13
Lat3
Lat2
Lat1
MF
2.4
2.38
Voltage (KV)
2.36
2.34
2.32
2.3
2.28
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Feeders' Segments
2.4
2.38
Voltage (KV)
2.36
2.34
2.32
Lat3
Lat2
Lat1
MF
2.3
2.28
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Feeders' Segments
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study:
System Voltage Profile With DG at Different Locations
2.4
2.38
Voltage (KV)
2.36
2.34
2.32
2.3
2.28
0
Without DG
DG @ L10
DG @ L11
DG @ L12
DG @ L13
DG @ L5
DG @ L6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Feeders' Segments
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study:
System Power Loss Without and With DG at L13
8
7
Power Losses (KW)
6
5
4
3
2
Lat2
Lat1
Lat3
MF
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Feeders' Segments
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Lat2
Lat1
Lat3
MF
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Power Losses (KW)
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Feeders' Segments
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study:
System Power Loss With DG at Different Locations
8
7
Power Losses (KW)
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Without DG
DG @ L10
DG @ L11
DG @ L12
DG @ L13
DG @ L5
DG @ L6
5
4
3
2
1
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Feeders' Segments
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study:
Different System Operating Cases:
Case (1)
The distribution system operates alone
Case (2)
The distribution system operates with a shunt capacitor connected at L11
Case (3)
The distribution system operates with DG connected at L10
Case (4)
The distribution system operates with DG connected at L11
Case (5)
The distribution system operates with DG connected at L12
Case (6)
The distribution system operates with DG connected at L13
Case (7)
The distribution system operates DG connected at L5
Case (8)
The distribution system operates DG connected at L6
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study:
M axim um V oltage Re gulation % (V R%)
Sys
C @L11
DG L10
DG L11
DG L12
DG L13
DG L5
4
5
6
7
DG L6
5
VR%
4
3
2
1
0
1
2
3
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Dis tr ibution Sys te m 's Ope r ating Cas e s
M axinum Pow e r Los s e s % (PL%)
Sys
C @L11
DG L10
DG L11
1
2
3
4
DG L12
DG L13
DG L5
DG L6
7
8
PL %
1
0.5
0
5
6
Dis tr ibution Sys te m 's Ope r ating Cas e s
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study:
Different System Operating Cases to Study System
Components Capacities:
Case (1)
The distribution system operates alone
Case (2)
The distribution system operates with a shunt capacitor connected at L11
Case (3)
The distribution system operates DG connected at L6
Case (4)
The distribution system operates DG connected at L11
Case (5)
The distribution system operates DG connected at L12
Case (6)
The distribution system operates DG connected at L13
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An EMTDC Simulation Case Study:
Complex Power
(KVA)
Dis tribution Sys te m 's Equipm e nts
Capacitie s
800
Sys.
DG@L11
DG@L6
DG@L11
DG@L12
DG@L13
1
2
3
4
5
6
600
400
200
0
Dis tribution Sys te m 's Ope rating Cas e s
S _ S ub st at i o n
S_ D G
S _ C ap aci t o r
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Results of an EMTDC Simulation Case Study:
DG Purpose
DG Purpose
Reduce System
Components Capacities
L6
L11
L12
VR Requirements
L10
L11
L12
PL Requirements
L11
L12
L13
So The Best Point of DG Connection Is Either L11 Or L12
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Conclusions:
DG has positive impact on improving the
distribution system voltage profile.
DG can reduce the electric distribution
system losses.
DG is a new promising planning approach.
DG as a “Green Electricity” has numerous
environmental benefits.
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