DOMINANT AND RECESSIVE TRAITS

ATTACHED / UNATTACHED EARLOBES

UNATTACHED

DOMINANT

ATTACHED

RECESSIVE

ROLLING YOUR TONGUE

ROLLER

DOMINANT

NONROLLER

RECESSIVE

WIDOW’S PEAK

WIDOW’S PEAK

DOMINANT

STRAIGHT HAIRLINE

RECESSIVE

HITCHHIKER’S THUMB

STRAIGHT THUMB

DOMINANT

HITCHHIKER’S THUMB

RECESSIVE

PINKIES

BENT PINKIES

DOMINANT

STRAIGHT PINKIES

RECESSIVE

CLEFT CHIN

CLEFT

DOMINANT

NO CLEFT

RECESSIVE

SECOND TOES

LONGER SECOND TOE

DOMINANT

SHORTER SECOND TOE

RECESSIVE

NUMBER OF FINGERS

SIX FINGERS: POLYDACTYLY

DOMINANT!!!!

FIVE FINGERS

RECESSIVE

• A family tree traces a family name and various family members through successive generations.

• Through a family tree, you can identify the relationships among your cousins, aunts, uncles, grandparents, and great-grandparents.

• A pedigree is a family tree that traces an inherited trait.

• It is made up of a set of symbols that identify

males

and

females

, individuals

affected

studied, and family relationships.

by the trait being

Male Female Affected male Affected female

Pedigree Symbols

Ended Relationship Line Relationship Line Parent/Children Line Male carrier of a recessive trait Female carrier of a recessive trait

• Each

individual

is given a

number

. It always begins back at #1 for each generation, moving left to right.

• The

generations

are identified in sequence by

Roman numerals

• If you are tracing a simple

Dominant

trait, people will either be shaded or they won’t • What would have to be the genotype of the people that are not shaded if you are tracing a

Dominant

trait?

• If you are tracing a

Recessive

trait, you will need to shade in the people that have the trait, AND half shade your known carriers.

Begin with a family tree….

And then convert it into a pedigree.

1. You can either use your family or a friend’s…if you are adopted you can still use the adoptive family.

2. Choose which side of the family you want to track (mom’s or dad’s) 3. Choose which generation you want to begin with (keep in mind, you must use three generations AT LEAST) 4. Choose an allele to track- ONLY ONE! If you choose right handedness, you’ll only indicate people that use their right hands….you will NOT indicate people who use their left (it is implied)

I II

□ 1 Ο Ο 2 3 □ 1 4 □ □ 5 Ο 6 Ο 2 □ 7 Ο Ο 8 9 10 □□ □ 11 Ο 12 13

III

□ 1 2 Ο Ο 3 □ 4 Ο 5 Ο 6 □ 7 8 9 □ 10 Ο Ο 11 12 13 □ Ο 14 Then you can go back and change the names to boxes and circles, and use the relationship lines the pedigree calls for.

Remember to use Roman Numerals for generations and numbers for each person in a generation My family is so ginormous, I probably should have put it on a poster (good idea for those with big fams….more room to work with…cause I even left people out… 15 □

I II

□ 1 Ο Ο 2 3 □ 1 4 □ □ 5 Ο 6 Ο 2 □ 7 Ο Ο 8 9 10 □□ □ 11 Ο 12 13

III

□ 1 2 Ο Ο 3 □ 4 Ο 5 Ο 6 □ 7 8 9 □ 10 Ο Ο 11 12 13 □ Ο 14 15 □ Once you have the relationship lines, now research your trait and shade in your affected and carrying relatives.

For my trait- anxiety is DOMINANT

I II

□ 1 Ο Ο 2 3 □ 1 4 □ □ 5 Ο 6 Ο 2 □ 7 Ο Ο 8 9 10 □□ □ 11 Ο 12 13

III

□ 1 2 Ο Ο 3 □ 4 Ο 5 Ο 6 □ 7 8 9 □ 10 Ο Ο 11 12 13 □ Ο 14 15 □ For the last part of the visual, I marked deceased relatives.

Next, make a key of the symbols you used in your pedigree.

You do not need to include symbols not shown in your visual.

□ Ο □ Ο □ □ □ Ο Ο Ο Key Male Relative Female Relative Relationship Ended Relationship Fraternal Twins Those blessed with high anxiety Deceased

Pedigree Project

Purpose of Project: To learn how to read and create a pedigree.

To learn how to trace an inherited trait.

Important Points to remember: You

do not

have to trace a trait in your own family.

There needs to be at least 3 generations shown.

There needs to be at least 8 family members.

**You can leave people out if it gets too big or too complicated.

Rough Draft is due:

NEXT THURSDAY 12/8 WHEN YOU WALK IN - complete the family tree and answer the questions on the rough draft page.

- If you do not do this, I will notify home that you did not show proof of project work and will deduct 10 points from your final grade.

- On 12/8 you ONLY need to turn in your rough draft paper, no binder necessary yet

Final Project is due:

Friday, Jan. 6th- It is a

TEST GRADE

!!!!

- In your binder: TOC entry, pedigree chart, key, explanation, rough draft, and rubric - Use your rubric as a checklist.

Websites on dominant and rec. traits.

http://www.blinn.edu/socialscience/LDThomas/Feldman/Handouts/0203hand.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=omim http://www.highlands.edu/academics/divisions/socialcultural/psych/johnson/hnd-domrec.htm

Pick one: Attached/Free Ear lobes, Hitch hiker’s thumb, cleft chin, dimples, Curling tongue, Widow’s Peak, Longer second toe, nearsighted (rec), farsighted (dom.), double jointedness (dom.), right (dom.) or left (rec.) handedness, freckles…..

***If there is another trait that runs in your family and you would like to use that for your project, please make sure to get it approved before beginning the project.

I

Doreston + Lollé Irene

Decide where you want to start, keeping in mind you need to do AT LEAST 3 generations.

II

Michael

—

Pam Kay

—

Joe Jim Janet

—

Ricky

—

Marcia Susan

—

?

Mark

Then write out the second generation of siblings only, first. Then you can add in spouses, so you can see how much room you will need. REMEMBER: You don’t have to include all relationships. I chose to just use relationships in which children were born.

Mary

—

Jay Adam

III

James Katie Vanessa Jason Tammy Sarah Dan Steph. Allison Damon Alex Rita Michael Hollye Rebecca

Then write out the third generation.

After that add in spouses if necessary.

Then you must pick out a trait you want to trace. You can do this by asking questions, looking at pictures, ect.

Pick something that is ruled by simple dominance…I have a list.