Transcript Learning Objects In Different Pedagogical Paradigms Albert Ip Prof. Iain Morrison

Learning Objects In Different
Pedagogical Paradigms
Albert Ip
Prof. Iain Morrison
Blind men & the elephant
John Godfrey Saxe's ( 1816-1887) version of the famous
Indian legend
How do we use
in
different learning paradigms?
Who is “we”?
“What” is used?
“How” “what” is used by “we”?
Some pedagogical paradigms
Tutorial, Drill and Practice
• a tutorial environment
• a testing/assessment environment
• Reuse unit:
– items
– tests
Case Method
• A teaching case is a story describing, or
based on, actual events, that justifies
careful study and analysis by students
• discussion-based and experiential
• Reuse Unit
– teaching case
Goal-based learning
• simulations in which there is a problem
to resolve, or a mission to complete.
• require learners to assume the main
role in the resolution of the problem or
the pursuit of their mission
• Reuse Unit
– scenario
– Supporting experience
Learning by designing
• core learning activity is the design of an
artifact.
• practice-based disciplines (engineering
& architecture)
• Reuse Unit
– none
Web-based role-play
simulation
• learners take on the role-profiles of
specific characters in a contrived
educational game (Linser, Naidu, & Ip,
1999)
• acquire the intended learning outcomes
& make learning enjoyable
• Reuse Unit
– scenario, role descriptions
– resources
Distributed problem-based
learning
• exemplifies authentic learning and
emphasizes solving problems in rich
contexts
• Reuse Unit
– problems
Critical incident-based
computer supported learning
• A critical incident (from the workplace)
presents a learner with a learning
opportunity to reflect in and on action.
• Reuse Unit
– none
• learning support needed
Rule-based simulation
• Microworlds, or computer simulations of
restricted environments
• Reuse Unit
– agents in microworlds
Exploratory Learning
• Through the process of discovery, or
guided discovery, the student learns
facts, concepts, and procedures.
• Reuse Unit
– resources and related metadata
description for discovering the
resources
Cognitive tool
• learn “with” interactive learning tools
• Reuse unit
– tools
Resource-based Learning
Environment
• emphasizes a transformation of
meaning through learner-centered,
system-facilitated action
• Reuse unit
– resources
Summary
Types of resources
• specifically written up reading material
• resources originally created for other
purposes
• multimedia resource (content, situations
and authority)
• structured resources (together with
interactivity)
• special software
Teachin
g
resourc
es
Multimedia
News &
other NEF
resources
Learning
resources
Reading
materials Software
tools
Interactive
Content
Generic
rendering
Specia
l
renderi
ng
Learn “from”
computer
Learn “with”
computer
Learning
Objects
Embedd
ed
Learning
NEF
“Found”
Resource + Renderin
Attaching LOM does not make
a digital entity a “learning
object”!
• Metadata is for “resource discovery”
• Attaching Metadata to a resource may
make the resource a “learning
resource” - “found”
Rendering a digital entity does
not make “learning object”!
• Rendering enables “interaction” with a
resource
• Rendering may promote a resource to
an object
Educational resource may
NOT be learning resource
• Teacher resource is educational
resource
• Teacher resource is NOT learning
resource
Learn
Learning objects
from
with
via
Computer
Software tools
Communication
(peer learners)
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John Godfrey Saxe's ( 1816-1887) version of the famous
Indian legend