Transcript Document 7640029

Development of High
(+)-Gossypol Stocks and Genetic
Control of the Character
Alois A. Bell, Robert D. Stipanovic,
and Lorraine S. Puckhaber
USDA-ARS-SPARC
College Station, TX
Gossypol Structure and Synthesis
O
CH
O
OH
CH
OH
OH HC
O
HO
HO
OH
HO
HO
OH
Hemigossypol
Gossypol
The (R)-Enantiomer of Gossypol
[(+)-Gossypol Form]
The (R)-Enantiomer of Gossypol
[(+)-Gossypol Form]
rotation around bond
due to steric hindrance
Effects of Gossypol in Poultry Diet *
Mean Cumulative Weight Gain (MCWG; gm) and
Cumulative Feed Conversion Ratios (CFCR) of 3-Wk-Old Broilers
Fed Crushed Cottonseed (CCS)
Treatment
n
MCWG†
CFCR†
0% CCS
60
742 a
1.58 c
5% Glandless CCS
30
752 a
1.63 b,c
5% Moco CCS
30
731 a
1.63 b,c
5% Glanded CCS
30
601 b
1.77 a,b
10% Glandless CCS
30
809 a
1.50 c
10% Moco CCS
30
507 c
1.81 a
10% Glanded CCS
30
338 d
1.91 a
* From Bailey, C.A. et. al. J. Ag. Food Chem. 2000, 48, 5692-5695.
† Means with no common letter within a column differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05).
Selected Parents and Gossypol Contents
Percentages of the Total Gossypol that Occurred as the
(+)-Enantiomer in Seed and Flower Petals
Moco Line
% (+)-Enantiomer
(Texas No.)
Seed *
Petals †
2428
95.2
90.0
2439
93.2
97.7
2443
95.9
82.1
2446
96.7
92.7
2447
90.3
97.8
2450
93.4
98.3
2457
94.6
90.5
2461
86.9
98.0
* Twenty seeds from a composite sample of several plants were ground
together for seed determinations.
†
Determined for 1-6 separate flowers from single plants of each line.
Distribution of (+)-Gossypol in BC1
(+)-Gossypol Percentages in Petals and Seed of
(TX-2428 x Tamcot CAMD-E) x Tamcot CAMD-E
Backcross Progeny
95
90
% (+)-Gossypol in Petals
r = 0.6214
r2 = 0.3861
D
85
C
80
B
75
70
A
65
60
55
50
55
60
65
70
75
% (+)-Gossypol in Seed
80
85
90
Distribution of (+)-Gossypol in BC1
(+)-Gossypol Percentages in Petals and Seed of
(TX-2443 x Tamcot CAMD-E) x Tamcot CAMD-E
Backcross Progeny
95
% (+)-Gossypol in Petals
r = 0.4005
r2 = 0.1604
90
85
D
80
C
75
B
70
65
A
60
55
50
55
60
65
70
75
% (+)-Gossypol in Seed
80
85
90
Distribution of (+)-Gossypol in BC1
(+)-Gossypol Percentages in Petals and Seed of
(TX-2457 x Tamcot CAMD-E) x Tamcot CAMD-E
Backcross Progeny
95
r = 0.81
r2 = 0.66
% (+)-Gossypol in Petals
90
D
85
C
80
75
B
70
A
65
60
55
50
55
60
65
70
75
% (+)-Gossypol in Seed
80
85
90
Distribution of (+)-Gossypol in BC1
(+)-Gossypol Percentages in Petals and Seed of
(TX-2457 x Tamcot CAMD-E) x Tamcot CAMD-E
Backcross Progeny
95
G+1G+2
r = 0.81
r2 = 0.66
% (+)-Gossypol in Petals
90
D
G+2
85
C
80
75
B
70
G+1
A
65
60
55
50
55
60
65
70
75
% (+)-Gossypol in Seed
80
85
90
Frequency Distribution of (+)-Gossypol
Percentages in Seed of BC1 Progeny and
Median Values for Clusters A - D
30
25
A
C
B
D
63
68
76
80
20
15
10
% (+)-Gossypol
83-84
81-82
79-80
77-78
75-76
73-74
71-72
69-70
67-68
65-66
63-64
61-62
59-60
0
57-58
5
Frequency Distribution of (+)-Gossypol
Percentages in Petals of BC1 Progeny and
Median Values for Clusters A - D
30
25
A
B
C
D
64
70
79
86
20
15
10
5
% (+)-Gossypol
90-91
88-89
86-87
84-85
82-83
80-81
78-79
76-77
74-75
72-73
70-71
68-69
66-67
64-65
62-63
60-61
< 60
0
Segregation of (+)-Gossypol in Petals
BC2 Progeny (Suregrow 747)
100
95
% (+)-Gossypol
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
2
6
1
9
7
5
Plant Number
10
3
4
Segregation of (+)-Gossypol in Petals
BC2 Progeny (Stoneville 457)
100
95
% (+)-Gossypol
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
5
8
4
2
9
7
Plant Number
1
3
6
10
Expression of G+1 Gene Alone in Petals
(S1BC3 Progeny of 45-2-4)
100
% (+)-Gossypol
90
80
70
60
50
1
2
3
4
5
6
Plant Number
7
8
9
Expression of G+2 Gene Alone in Petals
(S1BC3 Progeny of 62-8-7)
100
% (+)-Gossypol
90
80
70
60
50
1
2
3
4
5
6
Plant Number
7
8
9
10
Expression of G+1 or G+2
Alone in Petals and Seed
+G Genes
% (+)-Gossypol in:
Petals
Seed
None
65
58
G+1 g+1
74
74
G+1 G+1
95
90
None
64
61
G+2 g+2
88
70
G+2 G+2
90
74
Expression of Combinations of G+1 and
G+2 in Petals/Seed of Segregating Progeny
(S1BC3 Progeny of 47-8-1)
% (+)-Gossypol
100
90
Seed
80
Petals
70
60
50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Plant Number
Percentages of (+)-Gossypol Over
Generations During the Development of
Germplasm with Both G+1 and G+2
Maximum (+)-Gossypol in:
Accession
Source
Petals
Seed
+G in
Seed
BC1
BC2
BC3
2428 75-96
86.0
89.2
89.0
98.3
98.6
91.9
93.2
2443 64-96
84.9
87.8
88.9
98.4
98.2
95.3
95.0
2446 88-97
85.5
89.1
91.4
97.9
98.5
88.8
93.4
2457 70-96
85.6
89.5
89.0
98.0
98.4
91.0
93.1
No.
S1BC3 S2BC3
S1BC3 S2BC3
Percentages of (+)-Gossypol in Progeny
with Homozygous G+1 or G+2 Genes
S2BC1 Seed
S2BC3 Seed
Accession
Source
G+1
G+2
G+1
G+2
2428
91.2
68.4
86.2
-
2439
90.0
78.7
-
-
2443
90.3
63.7
90.7
-
2446
91.7
73.5
-
69.3
2447
92.3
77.0
-
-
2450
94.8
76.9
-
-
2457
91.7
72.7
90.1
-
2461
95.9
83.0
-
75.3
Conclusion
1. Combinations of G+1 and G+2 can be obtained
in selfed progeny by combinations of petal and
seed analyses.
2. High (+)-gossypol lines that are homozygous
and produce 93-95% (+)-gossypol in seed
have been developed.
3. The G+1 gene alone can increase the
(+)-gossypol percentage to at least 90% in
seed and is being evaluated as a single gene
source of high (+)-gossypol.