Transcript Document 7628635

Hawaii Energy Storage Seminar:
Lanai La Ola Case Study
Abbas Akhil
Sandia National Laboratories
Distributed Generation and Energy Storage
[email protected]
(505) 844-7308
June 16, 2010
Sandia is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed
Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear
Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. SAND2009-2801P
Lanai Grid
Miko
Power Plant
(10.4 MW)
Lanai Grid
Koehle
Lodge
CK
T
)
Well
Pumps
(C
ity
#1
Lanai
City
i
(C
rb
o
el
ot
Airport
T
CK
Harbor
Miko
Power Plant
(10.4 MW)
#2
(H
a
(H
)
KT
C
r
ty
T)
CK
)
(H
el
ot
C
KT
)
Manele
Hotel
Lanai Grid with La Ola PV
Koehle
Lodge
CK
T
)
Well
Pumps
(C
ity
#1
Lanai
City
i
(C
rb
o
el
ot
Airport
T
CK
Harbor
Miko
Power Plant
(10.4 MW)
#2
(H
a
(H
)
KT
C
r
ty
T)
CK
)
PV Plant
(1.2 MW)
(H
el
ot
C
KT
)
Manele
Hotel
Miki Basin Power Station
(
o
rb
a
H
K
rC
T
(C
(C
ity
ity
CK
CK
T
#1
T#
2)
)
(6) 1.0 MW EMD Diesel Generators
(2) 2.2 MW Caterpillar Diesel
)
12470 VLL
2400 VLL
2400 VLL
2400 VLL
2400 VLL
2400 VLL
2400 VLL
4160 VLL
4160 VLL
1.0
MW
1.0
MW
1.0
MW
1.0
MW
1.0
MW
1.0
MW
2.2
MW
2.2
MW
L1
L2
L3
L4
L5
L6
L7
L8
(H
ot
el
CK
T
)
La Ola PV
Satcon Proposed Installation
PV Array
DESS Output
Inverter
PV Output
PV Array
Inverter
PV Array
Inverter
480 V
12470 V
Inverter
Battery
Inverter
Battery
Inverter
Battery
480 V
12470 V
500 kVA
500 kVA
PV Array
PV Array
Inverter
To Miko
Power Station
Inverter
PV Output
PV Array
Inverter
PV Array
Inverter
PV Array
Inverter
480 V
12470 V
500 kVA
PCC
Output
Intertie
Breaker
R
To Manele
Hotel
PV Array
Inverter
PV Array
Inverter
PV Array
Inverter
PV Array
Inverter
PV Output
480 V
12470 V
500 kVA
Energy Storage for Ramp Rate Support
Lanai Power System
(Simplified Example)
6.00E+06
5.5 MW
5.00E+06
Power (Watts)
4.00E+06
4.3 MW
PV
Battery
3.00E+06
Generators
Total Power
Power Needed
2.00E+06
1.2 MW
1.00E+06
0.375 kW
0.00E+00
0
10
20
30
40
Time (Seconds)
7
50
60
70
La Ola Battery Specification
 Battery
type and size specified in Power Purchase
Agreement
 Battery
type: Flow battery manufactured by VRB
 250
kW power with 3 hours of energy storage; 750
kWh
 PPA
required mostly grid support functions
Evolution of La Ola Battery Design

VRB ceased commercial operations in late 2008

3 hours of storage was excessive for ramp rate control
• Need power, not energy
• Flow batteries are “energy” batteries

La Ola’s return to investor is maximized if every kWh
generated is sold immediately
• Energy storage has a roundtrip efficiency “overhead”
• Battery charging energy comes from PV or purchased from
MECO
Transition Concepts

Re-Evaluated battery size:
• Need power, not energy
• Suitable sizes ranged between 450 kW – 750 kW; 1 hour
storage

Evaluated other battery technologies:
• Lead-acid, Sodium/Sulfur and Lithium Ion

At year end 2008:
• Lead-acid battery system
• 405 kW; 1 to 3 hours of storage
• Air conditioned building to house battery system
• Identified turnkey system supplier and obtained firm price
quotations
In-Depth Analysis

Battery sizing analysis by SunPower, Sandia Labs and NREL
in early 2010
• 1 second power and irradiance data from similar-sized PV farm
• 10 months field-recorded data
• Three independent approaches using common input data set

Battery sizing considerations: Ramp rates, duration and
frequency of ramps

Challenges: Vast amount of data; random ramp rate pattern;
uncertainty that all “events” are captured

Battery size: 450 – 700 kW; 250 – 500 kWh energy required to
meet ramp rate support requirements
Irradiance and Power Output
Source: SunPower Corp
1 Second Ramps in Plant Output
Source: SunPower Corp
Final Lanai Battery Outcome
 Castle
and Cooke selected Xtreme
Power: a turnkey battery system
supplier
• Contract negotiations underway
 Battery
system size: 1.125 MW; 500
kWh storage capacity
Need for Energy Storage with Renewables
(in Hawaii)
Need for energy storage to support renewable
penetration:
 Ramp rate control
 “Time
 Store
Shift”
“spilled” renewable generation
Note: Energy storage, not exclusively battery
energy storage