Transcript Document 7573253

Magnet costs
L. Bromberg
J.H. Schultz
ARIES Meeting & Review
PPPL, October 3-4 2006
Superconductor Options and Implications
•
•
•
Nb3Sn wind and react (most conservative)
– Conventional design (ITER-like), but with
high temperature inorganic insulation
– Presently being tested for VLHC design (3D winding in cos-q magnets)
Nb3Sn react and wind (less conservative)
– Thin cross section (low strain during
winding)
– MIT magnet for LDX (floating coil)
– Low conductor current, internal dump
High Tc (most aggressive)
– Epitaxially deposited on structure
– YBCO 2-generation superconductor
– Potential for low cost (comparable to NbTi)
Ceramic insulation
tape
Structure
Insulation
He coolant
SC strands
High RRR Support plate
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Costing
• Magnet costing for the ARIES magnets
substantially lower than that of present
designs/machines
– Cost savings due to
• Conductor improvements
– Nb3Sn and HTS (YBCO 2nd gen conductor)
• Structure improvements
– How do we evaluate “complexity?”
• Costing of superconductor in stellarator by kA/m,
rather than energy or weight (because of multipole
field configuration)
Cost of 10th of a kind vs 1st of a kind
• Stellarators coils are more complex than
tokamak coils
– Design, tooling, winding, position assurance
much more costly for first of a kind stellarator
than for tokamaks
• Modern methods of design and manufacturing avoid
many of the issues of fitting, with software that goes
directly from design engineer to the floor (Proengineer in NCSX)
• Difficulty thus relative to winding/tooling
Winding
• Winding in stellarators is 3-D, vs ~2D winding for
tokamaks
• Additional time for winding
– DB Montgomery: ~ 5 (guess)
– High energy physics ~ 3 (winding solenoids vs cos-q
dipoles)
– J. Schultz: ~ 1.5 (from 2D to 3D)
• Tokamaks already need 2-D winding
– not winding in tension, which would result in cheaper winding
operation
– In ITER, winding to bring conductor into slots in radial plates
Tolerance Impact on Cost
Scaling Laws for Modeling Large Superconducting Solenoids, M. A. Green and A. D. McInturff, IEEE
TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY, VOL. I I , NO. I , 2292(2001)
Costing Methods for SC cable
Raw materials
data
Conductor
geometry &
specs
$/kg of strand
Strand diameter
$/m of strand
Recent Jc(H)
performance
data
$/kA-m of strand
Cabling cost
$/m of cable
$/kA-m of cable
Cost analyses of superconductors for
high-field magnets, Lance Cooley, LTSW 2003, Monterrey CA
PIT(Powder_in_Tube)
Nb3Sn
4.2 K
Bi2212
4.2 K
MgB2
4.2 K
H-Nb3Sn H-MgB2
4.2 K
4.2 K
Conductor raw materials cost
LHC-NbTi
$66
27¢
filament cost, $/kg
stabilizer cost, $/kg
reactants cost, $/kg
diffusion barrier cost, $/kg
ancillary material cost, $/kg
$500
$170
$400
** $1,000
$5
$175
$175
$200
$0
$0
* $500
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$0
$227.50
$83.50
$342.11
$214.21
$0.96
$0.35
$1.49
$0.93
*
Conductor raw cost, $/kg
Conductor raw cost, $/m
Strand performance data
non-stabilizer Jc at field, A/mm
5
8
10
12
15
20
2
$500
$5
$0
$5
$1,000
$252.59
$1.01
$200
$5
$0
$420
$0
$83.50
$0.36
$50
$5
$0
$10
$20
$19.50
$0.06
* Reflects recent VAC/SMI bid and extruded tube quote
** Reflects recent presentation by Hasegawa at MT-18
6400
3600
2550
1780
1050
200
2400
2200
2030
2000
1900
1800
1500
500
150
60
2
0
12650
6820
5100
3150
1680
425
4000
1800
1000
500
100
0
Strand raw performance index
$/kA-m
21¢ @ 5T
5
8
10
12
15
20
$0.30
$0.11
$0.53
$0.20
$0.75
$0.28
$1.08
$0.39
$1.82
$0.67
$9.57
$3.51
$2.35
$1.47
$0.90
$2.57
$1.61
$2.69
$2.78
$1.74
$8.96
$2.82
$1.77
$22.41
$2.97
$1.86 $672.37
$3.14
$1.96 >Hc2
$0.06
$0.03
$0.11
$0.07
$0.14
$0.12
$0.23
$0.24
$0.43
$1.19
$1.72 >Hc2
Powder in tube
Strand raw cost, $/kg
Strand raw cost, $/m
Strand cost relative to LHC Nb-Ti
Production cost scaling factor
Relative to LHC Nb-Ti
Scaled strand cost, $/kg
Nb3Sn
MgB2
Bi2212
4.2 K
4.2 K
4.2 K
$227.50
$83.50
$342.11
$214.21 $252.59
$0.35
$0.96
$1.49
$0.93
$1.01
1.3
3.6
5.6
3.5
3.8
1205%
825%
805%
805%
3.7
5.4
3.6
3.6
$2,741.38
$688.88 $2,753.95
$1,724.39
H-Nb3Sn H-MgB2
4.2 K
4.2 K
$83.50
$0.36
1.4
$19.50
$0.06
0.2
225%
1.0
$568.33
225%
1.0
$187.88
225%
1.0
$43.88
$2.27
$0.50
$3.00
$84.71
$0.82
$0.13
$3.00
$32.53
$3.00
$7.76
Recent purchase prices, $/kg
Scaled strand cost, $/m
Cabling cost, $/m
Scaled cable cost, $/m
$11.53
$2.90
$11.96
$7.49
$3.00
$418.10
$107.31
$3.00
$3.00
$433.45
$272.53
Cable final performance index
at field, $/kA-m
5
8
10
12
Scanlan data
15
20
$2.06
$8.03
$14.27
$3.66
$20.15
$5.17
$28.86
$7.41
$28.94
$12.56
$48.92
$256.85
$65.92
$47.43
$29.82
$2.96
$51.74
$32.53
$8.88
$56.08
$35.26
$29.60
$56.92
$35.79
$74.00
$57.00
$59.91
$37.67 $2,219.94
$63.24
$39.76 (>Hc2)
$0.24
$0.32
$0.53
$0.59
$0.95
$0.78
$1.91
$1.27
$1.50
$9.53
$2.38
$9.40 (>Hc2)
Conductor
Strands
Coat
Cabling
Waste
Sheath
Encapsulation
Additional material
Conductor subtotal
$/ kA m
Winding pack
Insulation
Tooling
Winding
Dummies
Heat treatment
Leads
Winding pack subtotal
$/ kA m
Support
Engineering
Hardware/engineering
Contingency
PACE direct
PACE G&A
OPEX
TOTAL in M$
Unit cost, $/kg
Self-supporting PF coils
25.4
IM
12.7
6
LCE
2.3
13.6
LCE
5.2
11.3
0
5.3
LCE
2
3.7
LCE
1.4
0.9
0
66.3
23.8
1
2.2
4.2
LCE
0.8
0
50.9
7.1
0.7
1.2
132.6
LCE
19.6
0
0.3
0.4
44.9
1.9
19.4
43.6
LCE
195.6
58
253.6
22.6
8.7
285
LCE
LCE
20%
10%
Stellarator costing WP
winding x 1.5
winding x 5
29.4
98
54.7
2.3
123.3
5.2
52.4
10.5
62.9
6.3
0
69.2
79
147.6
88
100
188
7.5
0
HTS
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• Present cost of 1st gen wire ~ 100$ kA/m
(BSSCO)
• Recent breakthrough in YBCO 2nd generation
(344)
– Multiple suppliers of tape (@77K)
• Nominal current ~ 60 A, but have made 300 A, 100 m
lengths (AMSC, SEI)
• Extrapolation to ~ 500 A reasonable, 900A aggressive
extrapolation
• At 30 K, 12 T, expected current ~ 9 kA/tape
• At 50 K, 12 T, expected current ~ 2.7 kA/tape
• Present cost 2nd gen ~ 50-100 $/kA m
YBCO stuck at ~ 100 A-m
for nearly a decade
Oct 2005 – Nagoya Coated
Conductor Center (NCCC)
at ISTEC announces 50 kAm wire (245 A x 212 m,
PLD on IBAD-GZO), x 500
improvement
YBCO World Record A-m vs. Time (s)
100000
10000
1000
100
ARIES-AT: Requires tape
Jun-97
Jul-98 Aug-99 Oct-00 Nov-01 Dec-02 Jan-04 Feb-05 Mar-06
with ~ 5 MA-m,
x 100 over NCCC
Other commercial apps may only require
x 10-20 improvement
Dependence of Jc on T and H
Multi-Scale Characterization: Evaluation of Microstructuraland
Superconducting Properties Across Multiple Length Scales in
2ndGeneration HTS Wire. Terry Holesingerand Leonardo
Civale, Superconductivity Technology, ,Alamos National
Laboratory DOE PEER Review 2006
ORNL/RABITS Performance, 0.3 micron, 2000
Wire Development Workshop Proceedings, St.
Petersburg, Florida, February 10-11, 2000
HTS costing
• At 64 K, 2 T:
– 20 $/kA m
• At 30K, large field
– 4 $/kA m, ~ independent of field
– Still more expensive than Nb3Sn (~ 2$/kA/m)
@ 5 T, but not at 15 T!
Summary
• There is a potential for VERY large decrease in the
cost of SC magnets
• Development of superconductor has until recently
been funded by OFES, mainly through SBIR’s
– However, recent interest from the HEP community in
high field devices (including VHLC)
– Decrease in cost is associated both with improved
conductor as well as improved conductor/winding
concepts.