Transcript Vocal Music cont… Ballett (Fa-La)

Vocal Music cont…
• Renaissance Ballett (Fa-La)
– Simpler than madrigal, dance-like
– For several solo voices
– Homophonic (a contrast to most Ren.
music), melody in highest voice
– Same music repeated for each verse/stanza,
syllables “fa-la” used as refrain
– Also originated in Italy, cultivated in England
LISTENING TO BALLETT
– Now Is the Month of Maying (1595)
Thomas Morley
– See books pg. 113
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC
• Early 1500’s: inst. music was largely
adapted from vocal music.
• Harpsichord, organ, lute
Lute –
plucked string
instrument with
body shaped
like half a pear
• Late 1500’s (16th c.): more music written
specifically for inst.
• Mostly intended for dancing (common
pass time)
– Everyone expected to know how, taught by
professional dance masters
– Popular dances:
• pavane or passamezzo (duple meter)
• Galliard (triple meter)
Instrumental Music, cont…
• musicians distinguished
between loud, outdoor
instruments like trumpet, and
shawm (ancestor of oboe), and
soft, indoor inst. like lute and
recorder.
• Other inst. of the
Renaissance
– Cornett – wooden,
cup-shaped
mouthpiece
– Sackbut –
early
trombone
– Viols – pretty obvious
– Regals (small organ with reed pipes)
– Passamezzo (or pavane) – stately
dance in duple meter
• This recording includes bowed strings,
plucked strings, woodwinds, brasses,
keyboard ints., timpani.
• 3 sections (abc), each immediately repeated
louder, with more instruments (a a’ b b’ c c’)
– Galliard – carefree dance in triple meter
• Same melody as our passamezzo, more upbeat
• Smaller ensemble: bowed strings, plucked strings,
woodwinds, harpsichord
• 3 short sections, each ending with a cadence and
brief pause, then repeated more fully (just like
pavane)
– But then, each section is repeated in succession at the
end.
– a a’ b b’ c c’ a’ b’ c’
• Passamezzo and Galliard from
Terpsichore
– Michael Praetorius (1571-1621)
– From collection of over 300 dances
• Renaissance Pavane
• <iframe width="420" height="345"
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FUb0g60" frameborder="0"
allowfullscreen></iframe>
Chapter 4: The
Venetian School
– From Renaissance to Baroque
Venice, Italy:
center of
Western
music in
16th c.
– Venice: seaport built on tiny islands separated
by canals
– Thriving commercial center for trade between
Europe and near east.
– Focal point for music in Venice:
• St. Mark’s Cathedral
– wealthy, colorful, employed up to 50 musicians
• Famous music directors of St. Mark’s
– Adrian Willaert (about 1490-1562)
– Andrea Gabrieli (about 1520-1586)
– his nephew, Giovanni Gabrieli
• Among the finest comp. of the Ren.
• Along with their colleagues, called the
Venetian School
• Venetian School
– Composers inspired by unique architectural
feature of St. Mark’s Cathedral:
2 widely separated choir lofts, each with
an organ
• Wrote music for several choruses and groups of
instruments (cori spezzati)
• Becomes mostly homophonic
• 1st time we see choral music with specifically
instrumental parts – the biggest factor in turning us
toward the Baroque era!
– Giovanni Gabrieli (about 1555-1612)
• Native of Venice
• Most important Venetian composer
of late Ren.
• Organist at St. Mark’s 1585-death
• Composed organ, instrumental and polychoral
motets
– His polychoral motets call for two to five choirs
– the Polychoral Motet
• Plaudite (Clap Your Hands, 1597)
– the Polychoral Motet
– Plaudite (Clap Your Hands, 1597)
• Joyful
• Large vocal ensemble of 12 voice parts in 3
choirs
• Instrumental ensemble (choice of inst. left to
performers)
• Exploits “stereophonic” possibilities of St. Mark’s
by rapidly tossing short phrases among 3 separate
choirs.
• Choirs also combine for massive sonority (sound)
• Dynamic contrast within this piece is a sign of what
comes next in the Baroque.
VOCABULARY REVIEW
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Renaissance
Individualism
“Universal man”
Humanism
Realism
Linear Perspective
Text Painting/Word
Painting
• Imitation
• Consonance/Dissonance
• A cappella
• Motet
• Mass
– Kyrie, Gloria, Credo,
Sanctus, Agnus Dei
• Josquin Desprez
• Imitation
• Giovanni Pierluigi da
Palestrina
• Protestant Reformation
• Counter-Reformation
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Council of Trent
Madrigal
Thomas Weelkes
Ballett
Thomas Morley
Pavane/Passamezzo
Galliard
Lute
Cornett
Sackbut
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shawm
Recorder
Regal
Michael Praetorius
Venice, Italy
St. Mark’s Cathedral
Venetian School
Giovanni Gabrieli
Cori spezzati
Polychoral motet
UNIT III PRESENTATIONS
Exploration: Columbus, da Gama,
Magellan
Technology: Movable Type Printing
Press, Gutenberg Bible
Kalyn
Julian
Blake
Jacob
Religion: Martin Luther and the
Protestant Reformation
Dominique
Phil
Alec
Bilal
Kieryn
Claire
Chris
Taimoor
Art: da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael
Emma
Aaron
Sami
Ryan
Literature: William Shakespeare
Anna
Andrew
Nathan
Nick