Transcript Document 7538604

China and India
Two Giants of Asia
Ch. 21 Sec. 3
Deng Xiaoping
• (dung show ping)
– Served as leader of the People’s Republic
of China from 1978 through the early 90s
– Generally credited with developing China
into one of the fastest growing economies
in the world
Four Modernizations
• Emphasized agriculture, industry, science and
defense
– Deng’s program allowing for some features of a
free market
– Economic reforms in China brought a surge of
growth, but with it an economic gap between rural
poor and wealthy city dwellers
– Other new problems include pollution and health
issues such as AIDS
Political Reform
• China has not been as progressive in
reforming their government structure for
greater political freedoms
• 1989 - Tiananmen Square Massacre
– Thousands of young Chinese
demonstrators pushing for democratic
reforms were killed and many others
arrested and tortured by government
troops
Political Reform
• Communist party continues to jail critics
and have been the subject of Human
rights activism (suppression, prison
labor)
– Increased again with 2008 Summer
Olympics coming up
– Pressured to correct their many abuses
• Tibet’s ancient Buddhist culture
Overpopulation
• China has created specific laws to limit
population growth
– One-child policy (urban families, Rural-two)
• 1.3 billion
India
• Also has a population of over 1 billion
– Largest democracy in the world
– Population growth remains a serious issue
• Has limited the success of economic growth
• One-third of India lives below the poverty line
Economy
• Limitations:
– Lack key natural resources like oil and natural gas
– Green Revolution not affordable by all and many
traditional methods continued
• Shift from command to a free-market
economy in the 80s
– Increase in textile and technology industries
Other reforms
• Mother Teresa founded groups providing aid
to millions in India suffering from the effects of
overpopulation
• India constitution banned the discrimination
that exists among the caste system of India especially with the dalits (lowers class)
– Still exists
• Increasing political action for women’s rights