Transcript Chapter 1 Matter and Life

Chapter 1
Matter and Life
Chemistry
• Are you a gambler?
• Chemistry – The Central Science
– Chemistry is the study of matter, its
properties, and its transformations
Matter
• Matter – any substance that has a mass
and volume (takes up space)
• 3 States of matter
– Solid
– Liquid
– Gas
Matter
Matter
• Element – the fundamental unit of all
substances
– Found on the Periodic table
– Unique name and symbol
• First letter of symbol is capitalized, the second is
always lower case
– Review the Periodic Table powerpoint for
more information about the periodic table
Matter
• Compounds
– Formed when elements combine in a specific ratio
– Chemical Formula - A notation for a chemical
compound using symbols and subscripts to show the
exact ratio of atoms of each element that are present.
Matter
• Mixture
– The combination of more than one pure
substance
• Homogenous
• Heterogeneous
Example Problem
• Which of the following is not an example of
an element?
– A. Ni
– B. O2
– C. CO
– D. S8
– E. Co
Example Problem
• The chemical formula CoSO4 indicates the
compound contains:
– A. 1 carbon, 1 sulfur, 5 oxygens
– B. 1 carbon, 1 sulfur, 4 oxygens
– C. 1 cobalt, 1 sulfur, 4 oxygens
– D. 1 copper, 1 sulfur, 4 oxygens
– E. 1 cobalt, 1 sulfur, 5 oxygens
Example Problem
• Which of the following is not a mixture.
– Pure blood
– Bread
– Toothpaste
– Aluminum foil
– Motor oil
Identification of Matter
• Matter is identified according to
– Physical and chemical properties
– Observation of physical and chemical
changes
Identification of Matter
• Physical properties – those that can be
described without altering chemical
composition
• Chemical properties – indicate how a
chemical reacts under a set of conditions
Identification of Matter
PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
Description by senses –
shape, color, odor,
soluble, miscible, etc.
-Burns
Measurable properties –
density, boiling point,
acidity, etc.
-Decomposition
-Oxidizes
Example Problem
• Which of the following is a physical property of aspirin?
A) Aspirin can moderate some heart disorders when
ingested.
B) Aspirin does not decompose when tightly sealed in a
bottle.
C) Aspirin yields carbon dioxide and water vapor when
burned.
D) Aspirin can be pressed into tablets when mixed with
cornstarch.
E) Aspirin reacts with water to produce salicylic acid and
acetic acid.
Identification of Matter
• Physical and Chemical Changes
– Physical change – alters a physical property
of the substance without altering the
composition
• Changes in state of matter
Identification of Matter
• Physical and Chemical Changes
– Chemical change – the starting material’s
composition via chemical reaction is altered
– Illustrated using reaction equation.
Reactants → products
– Observations – bubbling, change of color,
heat, etc.
Example Problem
• Which of the following causes a chemical change?
A) winding an alarm clock
B) turning on a flashlight
C) slicing a tomato
D) digging a hole
E) pumping gasoline
Example Problem
•
Consider the chemical reaction described as
mercury(II) oxide → mercury + oxygen.
Identify the reactant(s) in this example.
A) heat
B) mercury + oxygen
C) mercury(II) oxide
D) mercury
E) oxygen
Optional Homework
• Text – 1.18, 1.24, 1.26, 1.28, 1.34, 1.36,
1.40, 1.44, 1.46, 1.56
• Chapter 1 Homework – found online
Required Homework
• Look at The Periodic Table power point
online.