Transcript Document 7523396

Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Ljubljana
Implementation
of Technical Regulations on Company Level
Breakout session
EMC DIRECTIVE
Expert: Heinz Wanda
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EMC Directive
EMC Directive
Council directive 89/336/EEC of 3 May 1989
on the approximation
of the laws of the Member States relating to
electromagnetic compatibility
amended by Directives 91/263/EEC,
92/31/EEC,93/68/EEC, 93/97/EEC
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EMC Directive
History
first published in 1989
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it had to be transposed into national law by 1. July 1991
its provisions have applied since 1. January 1992
however a longer transition period was necessary
the Council adopted Directive 92/31/EEC with a view to
allowing a transitional period until 1995

as of 1. January 1996, Member States have abolished
national regulations still in force
the EMC Directive is a total harmonization Directive
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EMC Directive
Objective of the Directive
to ensure that the electromagnetic
disturbances produced by electrical and
electronic apparatus do not affect the
correct functioning of other apparatus
 to ensure that the apparatus has an
adequate level of immunity to
electromagnetic disturbances to enable it to
operate as intended
 this reflects the essential requirements as
indicated in Article 4

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EMC Directive
Scope
 the Directive applies to apparatus liable to
cause electromagnetic disturbances or the
performance of which is liable to be
affected by such disturbances
 when EMC provisions are specified for
certain products in other directives these
directives shall apply
 equipment of radio amateurs is excluded
unless the apparatus is available
commercially
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EMC Directive
Definitions
apparatus
all electrical and electronical appliances together with
equipment and installations containing electrical and/or
electronic components
finished product
any device that has a direct function, its own enclosure
and - if applicable - ports and connections intended for
enduser
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EMC Directive
Definitions
direct function
any function which fullfills the intended use specified by
the manufacturer in the instructions for the enduser. This
function can be available without further adjustment or
connections other then simple one
passive EMC equipment
equipment when used as intended does not create or
produce any switching or oscillation of current or voltage
and is not effected by electromagnetic disturbances (no
active parts)
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EMC Directive
Guide to the application of Directive 89/336/EEC
manual for all parties affected by the EMC Directive
 aid for the interpretation of the Directive
 not replacing the Directive which is the only legally
binding text
 agreement by consensus of Member States Governments
experts will ensure free movement of goods.
main issues:
 scope
 application to components, systems installations
 application to used, repaired products, spare parts
 conformity assessment procedures
 competent authorities
 application of the Directive in specific cases

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EMC Directive
Scope
with some restrictions nearly all electrical or electronic devices fall into the scope
of the EMC Directive
explicitly listed (but not restrictive) are:
household appliances
fluorescent lighting luminaires
fluorescent lamps
industrial manufacturing equipment
information technology equipment
domestic radio and television receivers
(radio and television broadcast
transmitters)
aeronautic and marine radio equipment
educational electronic equipment
(telecommunication apparatus) etc.
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EMC Directive
Exclusion by " practical criteria"
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the emission level is by the inherent physical characteristic below
the most stringent limits
immunity: experience shows that there is no influence when used
in the intended electromagnetic environment
Examples
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protection equipment which only produces transitory disturbances
of short duration and which does not include electronic components
(fuses, circuit breakers)
manual switches
high voltage inductors, transformers
capacitors
induction motors
quartz wrist watches
filament lamps (bulbs)
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EMC Directive
Apparatus totally excluded
 not
commercially available radio equipment for
radio amateurs
 motor vehicles
 active implantable medical devices
 medical devices (now completely)
 in vitro diagnostic devices
 equipment intended for aircraft in flight
 marine equipment (after 31 December 1998
completely)
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EMC Directive
Conformity Assessment
special provisions for certain types of equipment
components
 finished products
 systems
 installations

elements to select the right procedure
direct function
 intention to put the product on the market as a "Single
Commercial Unit" (SCU)

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EMC Directive
stop
n
D.
applicable
Conformity
Assessment
y
transmitter
n
n
technical
documenttation
type examination
Harm.Standards
y
Declaration of conformity
technical construction file
cert.of a competend bdy
type approuval certificate
Declaration of conformity
Declaration of conformity
CE Marking
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EMC Directive
Components
with direct function
the direct function is available without further
adjustment, It may be placed on the market as an SCU
 if further adjustment is necessary the component
must not be placed on the market for end user
examples
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plug in cards for computers
programmable logic controllers
lift controls
electric motors
computer disc drives
power supply units
• fully subject to all provisions of the EMC Directive
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EMC Directive
Components
with direct function
 If there is no intention to put the
components on the market for final use
or distribution
 the manufacturer has only to deliver the
relevant instruction to enable the
operation within the apparatus in which
they will be incorporated
 no other element of the EMC Directive is
mandatory
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EMC Directive
Components
without direct function
examples
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resistors, capacitors, coils
diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs etc.
integrated circuits
cables and cable accessories
all or nothing relays
plugs, sockets, terminal blocks etc.
light emitting diodes, liquid crystals etc.
simple electromechanical thermostats
the EMC Directive does not apply at all
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EMC Directive
Finished Products
When intended to be put on the market for
final use and distribution
fully subject to all provisions of the EMC Directive
When not intended to be put on the market for
final use and distribution
only the relevant instructions have to be
delivered to enable the operation within the
apparatus in which they will be incorporated
none of the other provisions are mandatory
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EMC Directive
Systems
for the purpose of the EMC Directive system is
defined as a combination of several types of
equipment, finished products and/or components
combined, designed and put together by the same
person (system manufacturer) intended to be placed
on the market for distribution as a single functional
unit for an end user and intended to be installed and
operated to perform a specific task
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EMC Directive
System assembled only of CE marked
apparatus
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Declaration of conformity for the whole system
instruction for the whole system
no CE Marking for the whole system
System assembled also from apparatus
without CE marking
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Declaration of conformity for the whole system
instructions as well
one additional CE Marking on the main part is
sufficient
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EMC Directive
Fixed Installations

combination of types of equipment, systems... assembled and/or
erected by an assembler/installer at a given place to operate
together in an expected environment but not to be placed as a
SCU on the market
the installation must comply with the Essential
Requirements as defined in Article 4
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such installation cannot enjoy free physical movement and in
respect to the EMC Directive there is no need for CE Marking,
Declaration of conformity or the intervention of a competent body
the manufacturer must provide clear instructions
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EMC Directive
EC Declaration of Conformity

description of the apparatus to which it refers

reference to the specification under which conformity is
declared and where appropriate to the internal measures
implemented to ensure the conformity with the
provisions of the Directive
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identification of the signatory
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where appropriate reference to the EC type-examination
certificate issued by a notified body
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EMC Directive
Instructions for use
they must accompany the apparatus
content
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intended conditions for use
assembly
adjustment
bringing into service
maintenance
where necessary, warning about limitation of use
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EMC Directive
Technical construction file
Part A
name and address of the manufacturer and the identification of
the product
the list of harmonized standards followed by the manufacturer
and/or the solutions adopted to satisfy the essential requirements
a description of the product
the operating instructions if any
the overall plan if any
Part B
full file containing all test reports, information concerning the
quality manual, plans, descriptions of the products and processes,
standards applied etc.
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EMC Directive
Criteria for competent and notified bodies
(Annex II)
availability of personnel and the necessary means and equipment
technical competence and professional integrity of personnel
independence in carrying out the tests etc. of staff and technical
personnel in relation to all concerned with the product in
question
maintenance of professional secrecy by personnel
possession of civil liability insurance unless such liability is
covered by the State under national law
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EMC Directive
Competent Body
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fulfils the criteria of Annex II
presents a certificate by an accreditation body or an
other documentary proof
to fulfil EN45000 series gives presumption of conformity
the recognition comes
– either from an accreditation body recognized by the
authority of a Member State
– or from a body representing the supervisory authority of a
Member State of the EEA
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a manufacturers laboratory may become a competent
body too
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EMC Directive
Notified Bodies
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have to fulfil the criteria of Annex II
are notified by the Member States
under their own responsibility
are published in the Official Journal
are only entitled to issue EC type
examination certificates concerning
Article 10(5)
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EMC Directive
Application to machines
the EMC Directive is to be applied in parallel with the
Directive on machinery
 If manufacturer uses only CE marked electrotechnical
products and strictly follows instructions, the finished
machine may be considered in compliance with the EMC
Directive and no further verifications will be needed
 Declaration of conformity and instructions for the whole
machine must be provided.
 no extra CE Marking is mandatory
if the manufacturer of the machine uses non-CEmarked products he has to follow the procedures for
systems or installations
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EMC Directive
Harmonized Standards
 drafted under mandate by CENELEC
 published in the Official Journal
 give presumption of conformity
Types
 Basic Standards (mainly by IEC) dealing with
methods to measure the phenomena
 Generic Standards
 Product Family Standards
 Product Standards
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Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Ljubljana
Implementation
of Technical Regulations on Company Level
Breakout session
Low Voltage Directive
(LVD)
Expert: Heinz Wanda
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Low Voltage Directive
Low Voltage Directive
(LVD)
ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
DESIGNED FOR USE WITHIN
CERTAIN VOLTAGE LIMITS
Directive 73/23/EEC
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Low Voltage Directive
History:
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
Adopted 19 February 1973 to harmonize the laws of the
Member States in the field of safety for electrotechnical
products.
Amended in 1993 by Directive 93/68/EEC to align it
better with the New Approach philosophy
Kind of directive:

LVD is a "total" harmonization directive, it superseded
existing national regulations
Objective:

Member State may not impede free circulation of
conforming equipment
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Low Voltage Directive
Scope
all electrical equipment designed for the use with a voltage
rating between
50 V to 1000 V ac
or75 V to 1500 V dc
(input or output voltages)
Exclusions (covered by other Directives)
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Electrical equipment for use in potentially explosive
athmospheres
Electrical equipment for radiology and medical purposes
Electrical parts for lifts
Electrical meters
Radio and Telecommunication terminals equipment
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Low Voltage Directive
Exclusions
(not covered by other Directives)
Plugs and socket outlets for domestic use
 Electric fence controller
 Specialized equipment for the use on
ships, aircrafts and railways compliant
with special international standards.

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Low Voltage Directive
Examples of equipment
(consumer and capital goods)
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particular electrical appliances
hand held tools
lighting equipment
switch gear
control gear
electric wiring
appliance couplers
cord sets
electrical installation equipment
cable mangement systems
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Low Voltage Directive
Essential requirements:
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Equipment when constructed in accordance with
good engineering practice in safety matters
endorsed in the Community shall not endanger
the safety of
persons
•domestic animals or
•property

when properly installed and maintained and
used in applications for which it was made
The principal safety objectives are listed in Annex
I.
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Low Voltage Directive
Annex I :Principal Elements of Safety
Objectives
 General conditions (e.a. information to be
affixed to the product)
 Protection against hazards arising from the
elctrical product
• against danger of physical injury or harm caused by
electrical contact
• to prevent dangerous temperatures, arcs or radiations
• against non-electrotechnical dangers
• to ensure that the insulation is adequate for all
foreseeable conditions
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Low Voltage Directive
Annex I: Principal Elements of Safety
Objectives
 Protection against hazards which may be
caused by external influences
• external mechanical shock
• against non-mechanical influences
• against overload
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Low Voltage Directive
Safety Aspects
Summary
A L L risks arising from the use of
electrotechnical products are covered
N O T J U S T E L E C T R I C A L ones, but
also
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mechanical
chemical
health aspects of noise and vibrations
ergonomic requirements to protect against hazards
of the Directive
and all other safety risks
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Low Voltage Directive
Conformity of products to the LVD
 products are presumed to conform if the
equipment was manufactured in accordance
with technical standards in the order laid down
as follows:
• (1) European Standards;( EN or HD by CENELEC)
• (2) International standards (by IEC)
• (3) National standards of the Member State of the
manufacturer
 The presumption of conformity provided by
harmonized Standards arises at the moment of
national publication of the standard
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Low Voltage Directive
Coformity Assessment Procedure
(Art.8 ,Annex IV)
– Only the manufacturer or his authorized representative can
ensure and declare the conformity with the LVD
 Harmonized Standards used
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technical documentation
internal production control
(report of a notified body) voluntary
Declaration of conformity
CE Marking
 Harmonized Standards not used
no presumption of conformity
– technical documentation must include the description of the
solutions to satisfy the ES
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Low Voltage Directive
Conformity Assessment Procedure
 technical documentation
• general description
• design and manufacturing drawings
• description and explanation needed to understand the
drawings and the operation of the equipment
• the results of design calculations and of checks carried
out etc.
• test reports (may be made available by the manufacturer
or by a third party)
the technical documentation must be kept within the
Community by the manufacturer, his authorized
representative or the "importer"
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Low Voltage Directive
Report by a notified body (Art.8/2)
 In case of challenge by the authorities or
before placing on the market a report by a
notified body is considered as an element
of proof
 the notified bodies are published in the
Oficial Journal
 the main purpose is to provide favourable
conditions for innovative products where
no Harmonized Standards exist.
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Low Voltage Directive
Declaration of conformity
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name and address of the manufacturer or
his authorized representative
description of the technical equipment
reference to harmonized standards
where appropirate reference to the
specification on which conformity is
declared
identification of the signatory
the last two digits of the year in which the
CE marking was affixed for the first time
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Low Voltage Directive
National and European Marks
 VDE, NF,S,ÖVE etc. continue to exist in the market
place
•
•
Before the amendment of the LVD in 1995 these marks where
mentioned in the LVD as one of the possibilities to prove to
the authorities the compliance of the product with the LVD
now the marks have lost all legal value !
 they are only voluntary marks
•
•
the added value of the marks is still
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guarantee of third party type examination
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production surveillance by neutral experts
Big retail-chains e.g. continue to ask for those marks in
addition to the legally required CE Marking
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Low Voltage Directive
Relationship to the Directive on
"Machinery"
 in article 1(5) of that Directive certain electrical
equipment is excluded, if the risks are mainly of
electrical origin
 the manufacturer has to carry out the usual risk
assessment (e.a. EN 1050)
 Assistance in this decision is given by the
publication of harmonized standards for the
product in question under the LVD only
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Low Voltage Directive
Relationship with the Directive on
"Machinery"
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Where a machine has an electrical supply
(within the voltages of the LVD) the LVD has
to be fulfilled by the machine concerning the
electrical risks, including the assessment
procedures (Manufacturer Declaration e.a.)
For the non-electrical risks the conformity
assessment procedures of article 8 of the
"Machinery Directive" apply
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Low Voltage Directive
Guidelines on the Application of Council
Directive 72/23/EEC
 to facilitate the application
 not legally binding but consistent interpretation
 complementary to the "Guide to the implementation
of Community Harmonization Directives" published
in 1994
main issues covered
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scope of the LVD
safety requirements applicable
conformity assessment procedures applicable
relationship with certain other Directives
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