Transcript Unit 1 A Brush with the Law College English 4

College English 4
Unit 1
A Brush with the Law
Pre-reading Activities
Background information
Questions & Answers
Words & expressions
How to apply to our real life
the typical expressions and
patterns taken from the text
Writing
Writing skills for argumentations
Word Building
Prefixes for semantic
use
Exercise
Blank filling
Pre-reading activities
◆ Background knowledge
Acquaint yourself with some relevant
information.
◆ Questions & Answers
Read carefully and answer several
questions.
Back
Pre-reading activities: Read, think and discuss
Magistrates and the magistrates’ court
In England, a magistrate is a person appointed
to try minor offences. He is either an unpaid
layman or, in London and some other large
cities, a paid judicial officer.
In England, every district has a magistrates’
court. It is the lowest court of law. The
magistrates’ court can only try people for
minor, i.e. not very serious, offences.
>>>more
Pre-reading activities: Read, think and discuss
The Sixties’ “youth counterculture”
The word “counterculture” was coined in the
1960’s for the attitude and life style of many
young people who rejected conventional social
values and demanded more personal freedom. The
counterculture first arose in the U.S. during the
1960’s and soon spread to Britain, France and
other western countries. These young people were
opposed to the Vietnam War and dissatisfied with
the existing state of affairs in their society.
>>>more
Pre-reading activities: Read, think,
and discuss
Middle Class
In Britain, the middle class refers to the class of
people between the nobility and the working
class. It includes professional men (such as
doctors, lawyers and architects), bankers,
owners of business and small gentry. In the
United States, however, the middle class refers
to the class of people between the very wealthy
class and the class of unskilled laborers and
unemployed people. It includes businessmen,
professional people, office workers, and many
skilled workers.
>>>more
www.themegallery.com
Company Logo
www.themegallery.com
Pre-reading activities: Read, think and
discuss
Lawyer, solicitor, barrister
A lawyer is the general term for anyone
whose work it is to advise his clients
about the law and represent them in court.
A solicitor (初级律师）is a lawyer who
gives advice, appears in lower courts,
and prepares cases for a barrister to
argue in a higher court.
A barrister (出庭律师）is a lawyer who
has the right of speaking and arguing in
the higher courts of law.
>>>more
Pre-reading activities: Questions & answers
Read the text, then answer the following questions
According to your own opinions:
1. How did the author feel about the incident at the
time it occurred? What dose he think of it now?
2. Why did he go to Richmond?
3. What did the author think got him into trouble
with the law?
4. What did he see when walking out of the local
library?
下一页
Pre-reading activities: Questions and answers
5. What did the man say to him? Did he take the
man’s words seriously at first?
6. When and how did the author come to see
the man was being serious?
7. What grounds did the policemen have for
suspecting that the young man was
wandering with intent to steal milk bottles?
下一页
Pre-reading activities: Questions and answers
8. What does the author mean by his “big mistake” ?
9. How did he behave when he was questioned at the police
station? What did the police decide to do with him?
10. What did his father do when he learned about the
incident?
11. What did the policeman probably mean by saying “ You
could have been a bit more helpful when we arrested
you”?
下一页
Word-building
Analyze the formation of the following
words in each group. Give further
examples of words with the same
prefix.
un- :
not; opposite to or contrary of
-able: susceptible, capable, or worthy of a specified
action; inclined or given to a specified state or
action
www.themegallery.com
Company Logo
Word-building
1. unpleasant, untidy, _____, ______, _______,
_______, _______.
2. unemployed, unconcerned, _________,
_______, ________, _______, _________.
3. unsucessful, unfortunately, ________,
______ , _______, ________, ________.
4.undo, unpack, ________, ________, ______,
_________, __________.
www.themegallery.com
Company Logo
Word-building
enjoyable
changeable
permissible
reliable
exhaustible
regrettable
imaginable
breakable
applicable
workable
Now complete the following sentence with the
adjectives listed above.
www.themegallery.com
Company Logo
Word-building
1. There is no _________ information about the child who
was found missing almost a month ago.
2. Bertha’s moods are as ________ as the weather in
spring.
3. We spent a very ______ evening talking about old times.
4. It is absolutely wrong to think that natural resources like
aluminium and petroleum are not _______ .
5. Are slang terms _______ in a formal speech?
6. Handle with care, please. These are ________ objects.
www.themegallery.com
Word-building
 8. I had the greatest difficulty _______ in trying to
persuade my employer to give up his costly plan.
9. The young technical innovators didn’t lose heart
although the new system was still not _______.
10. Are the research results ________ over a wide range
of circumstances?
www.themegallery.com
Words and expressions
 brush
 witness
 temporary
 dismiss
 offend
 take sb to court
 petty
 make a good story
 regard
 save up
 circumstances
 take one’s time
 confirm
 wander
 thorough
 straight face
 conduct
 au fait
 defend
 charge
 stand a chance
 call (up )on
下一页
Words and expressions
• (1).brush:
•
brush 家族包括：
活学活用
•
dustpan and brush 灰斗和灰刷
•
paintbrush 漆刷
•
toothbrush 牙刷
•
nailbrush 指甲刷
•
hairbrush 梳子（多齿）
•
broom
扫帚
Words and expressions
n. a. an object made of short stiff hairs
b. 毛茸茸的尾巴
the brush of a fox
c. (v.) a brief, often hostile or alarming
encounter:小冲突，小麻烦
She had a nasty brush with her boss this
morning.
今天早上她与老板起了不小的冲突。
brush sb /sth aside 把。。。撇在一边
e.g.: He brush aside my fears. 他置我的恐惧于
不顾。
brush against/by/past sb/sth 与。。。擦肩而过
Words and expressions
⑵ temporary:
not permanent 临时的，暂时的
e.g.: temporary relief from pain 暂时的解脱
temporary accommodation 临时住处
temporary measure 暂时的解决方法
Words and expressions
• (3) offend:
活学活用
• v. a. to make sb feel upset 冒犯
•
e.g.: Neil did not mean to offend anybody with
his joke.
•
内尔并无意于用他的笑话来冒犯任何人。
• b. to seem unpleasant to sb 使人不愉快的，讨厌的
•
e.g.: The smell from the farm offended some
people. 从农场里飘来难闻的味道。
• c. to commit a crime or crimes 犯罪，作奸犯科
• e.g.: He started offending at the age of 16.
•
从16岁他就开始走上犯罪的道路了。
Words and expressions
(4) petty:
small and unimportant:
petty crime 轻微罪刑
petty official
芝麻官
petty bourgeois 小资产阶级
caring too much about small and
unimportant matters 心胸狭窄，小题大做
e.g.: How could you be so petty?
你怎么能如此心胸狭窄呢？
Words and expressions
regard:
a. regard sb/sth as sth 把。。。看作。。。
e.g.: She is widely regarded as the
current leader’s natural successor.
(5)
•
•
•
毋庸置疑，她被认为是现任首领的继承人。
good wishes expressing such sentiment:
问候，良好祝愿
•
•
e.g.: Give your brother my regards when
you see
him.
活学活用
见到你哥哥，代我向他问好。
Words and expressions
circumstances:
a. The sum of determining factors
beyond
willful control: 客观情况，形
势
under no circumstances 绝不 ＝ by
no means
under/in the circumstances
b. financial status or means: 经济状况，
地位
e.g.: Prior came of a good family，but
he is reduced in circumstances now.,
皮埃尔出身于良好家庭，现在却境况不佳。
• (6)
•
活学活用
•
•
•
•
•
Words and expressions
•
•
•
•
•
•
confirm:
to state or show that sth is
definitely true or correct
e.g.: It has been confirmed that
the meeting will take place next
week.
会议已定于下星期召开。
to make a position
e.g.: After a six-month
probationary period, her position
was confirmed.
经过了六个月的试用期，她正式留在了
这个岗位。
(7)
Words and expressions
thorough:
a. exhaustively complete:
全面的：彻底完全的：
e.g.: a thorough search. 彻底的搜查
b. painstakingly accurate or careful: 严格的
或小心的：
e.g.: thorough research. 一丝不苟的研究
c.absolute; utter: 彻底的；根本的：
e.g.: a thorough pleasure. 彻底的快乐
• (8)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Words and expressions
(9)conduct:
to organize and do a particular activity组织特定的活动
e.g.: to conduct an experiment / a survey 做实验/ 做
调查
b. to direct a group of people who are singing or
playing music 指挥乐队/合唱团
c. to lead or guide 导游
e.g.: to conduct a tour of Guilin
d. conduct yourself : to behave in a particular way
e.g.: He conducted himself far better than
expected.
e. to allow heat or electricity to pass along 导电、导
热
e.g Copper conducts electricity well. 铜的导电性很好。
Words and expressions
活学活用
(10)defend:
to protect sb/sth from attack 保卫
e.g.: Troops have been sent to defend the
borders.
军队被调派去保卫边境。
defend sb/yourself /sth from /against
e.g.: Politicians are skilled at defending
themselves against their critics.
政客们往往善于在批评面前为自己辩论。
(in sport) 攻/守 attack/ defend
(in law) 辩护
e.g.: He has employed one of the UK’s
top lawyer to defend him.
他聘请了英国顶级的律师为自己辩护。
defendant 被告
accuser 原告
Words and expressions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
witness:
see sth
e.g.: Police have appealed for anyone
who witnessed the incident to contact
them.
警察在寻求那场事故的目击证人的协助。
of time/ place
e.g.: Recent years have witnessed a
growing social mobility.
近几年社会的移动性明显增强。
(11)
Words and expressions
•
•
•
•
•
(12) dismiss:
dismiss sb/sth : to decide sth is not
important
e.g.: I think we can safely dismiss
their objections. 我想我们可以毫无顾虑
地忽略他们的目的。
b. dismiss sth: to put thoughts or
feelings out of your mind.
e.g.; Dismissing her fears, she
climbed higher. 忘记自己的恐高，她勇敢
地继续向上爬。
Words and expressions
(13) take sb to court: take legal action
against sb.
I told him that I would take him to court if he did not repay
the money in a week. 我告诉他，如果他一星期之内没有还钱，我
就把他告上法庭。
If you go on ill-treating your wife like this, you will be taken
to court.
如果你仍旧如此虐待你的妻子，你将受到法律的制裁。
活学活用
Words and expressions
活学活用
(14)… it makes a
good story now: it
provides material
for a good story
now. Here the
verb ”to make”
means “ to have
the qualities
needed for…”
* Ice tea makes an excellent drink in summer.
* The wall calendar makes a nice new year gift.
Words and expressions
(15) Save up: keep for future use
Examples:
a. It took him a year to save up enough money
for a
computer. 他花了一年时间才攒够了买电脑的
钱。
b. They are now saving up to buy a house in the
suburbs.
他们攒够了钱准备在郊区买一套房子。
活学活用
Words and expressions
(16)Take one’s time: not to hurry; do sth in an
unhurried way.
examples:
a. Just take your time and tell me clearly what
happened at the meeting yesterday.
b. It’s better to take your time over a piece of
work and do it properly than to hurry and make
mistakes.
活学活用
Words and expressions
(17) wander: walk around a place in a casual way,
often without a fixed course, aim or purpose.
Examples:
After supper he would go out and
wander alone in the streets for
about an hour.
David wandered through the bookstore, hoping
to find a good book for Lily’s birthday.
Words and expressions
(18) Perfectly straight face: a face showing no
emotion or humor; a very serious looking face;
perfectly: very; completely
Examples:
You’re perfectly right.
I’ m perfectly satisfied with your
arrangements.
Words and expressions
(19) Au fait: (Fr. ) familiar; well informed
This French phrase is obviously used to serve
a dual purpose: to avoid repeating the word
“familiar” and to show that the narrator had a
fairly good educational background.
活学活用
Words and expressions
(20) charge: blame (sb.) officially for having broken
the law.
examples:
The police charged the driver with drunken
driving.
司机由于酒后驾车被警察开了罚单。
What is he charged with?
他犯了什么罪？
be charged with murder /stealing /theft
/neglecting one’s duty
因谋杀，偷窃，玩忽职守
而触犯法律
Words and expressions
（21) call (up ) on :invite, require,
appeal to
Examples;
活学活用
Dr. Smith was often called upon to
speak at these gatherings.
The president called on his people to
work hard for national unity.
Words and expressions
(22) Stand a chance: have a chance
Examples:
a. I would apply for the post if I were you. I think you
stand a good chance.
b. Without a degree and with no experience in teaching, I
don’t think I stand a chance of getting the teaching post.
c. Do you think Mark stands a chance of being elected?
Words and expressions
(23) meanwhile: during the same
period of time
Examples:
The boy had gone back home all by
himself. Meanwhile, his parents were
looking for him in the park.
Bob went to the post office to send a
letter. Meanwhile, Lily was preparing
lunch at home.
Words and expressions
(24) complain: speak in an unhappy, dissatisfied
way
Examples:
a. For my own part, I have nothing to complain
about.
b. He is always complaining about the weather in
Shanghai.
Words and expressions
(25) …that another youngster had been turned
against the police:
… that another young man (referring to the
narrator ) had been made hostile or opposed to
the police ( after such an unpleasant experience).
turn (sb.) against (sb. else or sth.):
cause
(sb.) to be hostile or opposed to (sb.
else or sth.)
Examples:
He tried in vain to turn the students
against
活学活用
their professors.
Exercises—Vocabulary
III. Fill in the blanks with the words given
below. Change the form where
necessary.
a couple of
take one’s time
complain
commit
stand a chance
confirm
due
turn…against
at first
subsequent
1. _____ the monitor was reluctant , but then he
changed his mind and became very cooperative.
 At first
Exercises—Vocabulary
2. It was very clever of her to ____ his
argument _____ himself.
 turn… against
3. I found ______ shoes under the bed but
they don’t make a pair.
a couple of
Exercises—Vocabulary
4. Dr. Bright always _____ as he examines his
patients and treats them with extreme care.
takes his time
5. Professor Helfand is ____ to lecture on the
nature of the nucleus at 2 p.m.
today.
 due
Exercises—Vocabulary
6. Wilfred’s remarks ______ me in my opinion
that he was an honorable young man.
 confirmed
7. For my own part, everything is O.K. I have
nothing to ________ of .
 complain
8. I thought that was the end of the matter but
_______ events proved me wrong.
 subsequent
Back
Exercises—Vocabulary
9. Having practiced for so long, the New
York baseball team ____ of winning the
World Series (美国职业棒球赛）this year.
stands a chance
10. If the police can prove to the court that
Ted ________ the robbery he will be
found guilty.
has committed
Writing
Write a story about A Funny Mistake in 150
Words or so on the basis of the following
dialogue.
(A police officer saw a man climbing down a drainpipe (排水管）
from an open bedroom window. The officer caught him by the
arm the moment he reached the ground. )
Police officer: It’s 8:15 on a Sunday morning, and this sort of
thing seems an unlikely adventure at such a time.
Would you mind explaining?
Man:
I know what you’re thinking, officer, but it isn’t
true. This is a very funny mistake.
Writing
Police Officer: Well ,you’ve just left this house in a manner other
than the usual one. That may be quite innocent,
but I’d like to make sure. Name, address and
occupation?
Man:
Charlie Crane, lorry (Am E truck) driver, from
Notting-ham, 51 Brecon Street.
Police Officer: Yes, what were you doing like a fly on that wall.
Mr. Crane?
Man:
Well, I had a breakdown （汽车抛锚）yesterday and
had to stay the night here. The landlady’s name is
Mrs. Fern. She gave me breakfast at seven, and I
got out of here in the right way. Later I realized I’d
left $ 80 under the pillow here in her house. So I
came rushing back. I rang the bell for ten minutes
Writing
Mrs. Fern:
but no one answered the bell. And then I spotted
my bedroom window still open. Up I went, then,
up this pipe. She hadn’t made the bed, and the
money was still there. You know the rest, and I
hope you believe it…
(from the kitchen window): Mr. Crane, whatever
are you doing here? I thought you’d gone away
an hour ago.