Transcript EN-60849 EMERGENCY PURPOSES Voice Alarm SYSTEMS. NORM DESCRIPTION

EN-60849
EMERGENCY PURPOSES
Voice Alarm SYSTEMS.
NORM DESCRIPTION
APLICATION
• Object
– PA systems used to alarm in emergency situations.
• Main performances.
– A sound system for emergency purposes shall permit
the broadcasting of intelligible information of measures
to be taken for the protection of lives within one or
more specified areas.“
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DEFINITIONS
• Terms
• Alarm
– a signal, or condition, warning of an emergency”
– e.g.: evacuation advice
• Warning
– important notice concerning any change of status which
demands attention or activity “
– e.g. hint that an emergency may happen
• Critical Signal Path
– all components and interconnections between every
emergency broadcast initiation point and the input
terminals on, or within, each loudspeaker enclosure.”
FDS
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Alarm
generation
~
~
Amplifiers
Lines
Loudspeaker
Requirements on
equipments
Concerning the manufacturer
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FUNCTIONS AVAILABILITY
• Continuous Availability [4.1b]
–The PA system shall be available all times
• Availability within 10 seconds after supplying
power to the system [4.1c]
–primary or secondary power
• Maximum 3 Seconds from initiation until first
emergency broadcast [4.1d]
–including reaction time of the detection system
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ALARMING PRIORITY
• Highest Priority for Alarming [4.1a]
– disabling all other (general) PA functions
CD
PA central
FDS
FDS: Fire Detection System
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EMERGENCY PRIORITIES [4.3]
•Manual Alarming/Warning/Restoration
•>
Automatic Alarming (evacuation)
•>
Automatic Warning
•>
no emergency: operational messages
(e.g. for system check)
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MANUAL INTERVENTION
• If the voice alarm system is capable of operation
in fully automatic mode, a manual intervention
shall always be possible: [4.3.2]
• starting and stopping of prerecorded alarm messages [4.3.2a]
• selection of appropriate prerecorded alarm messages [4.3.2b]
– when using specific emergency messages, indication of which
message and their relation to zones must be displayed [5.2.d]
• paging by using the emergency microphone (if any) [4.3.2d]
• selection of zones for prerecorded message or paging [4.3.2c]
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Automatic Status Indication
• “A clear indication shall automatically be
given at the designated control locations of:“
[5.2]
– (the designated control location can be the fireman‘s microphone)
•
•
•
•
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“system availability“ [5.2 a]
“power supply availability“ [5.2 b]
“any fault condition“ [5.2 c]
systems with several zones: current message
broadcast into which zones:
Alert, Evacuation, paging
Failure Indication (1)
• Indication of Failures [5.3]
• Failures must be indicated automatically at an
designated place (e.g. main system)
• The failure shall be indicated within 100 seconds after
occurance.
• The failure shall be indicated acoustically and visually.
• A receipt button and a reset button must be available.
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Failure Indication (2)
• Indication [5.3]
• Visual and acoustic indication
– tone of 0.5 seconds duration, min. once within 5 seconds
– permanent or flashing visual indicator
• Manual reception by personal
– tone disappears
– visual indicator remains / changes to permanent on
• Reset of failure indication after failure recovery
– visual indicator extinguishes automatically - or – visual indicator extinguishes after manual reset
– visual indicator shall extinguish after failure recovery !
• Acoustic tone must start again when other failure detected
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Surveillance (1)
• An automatic Surveillance must indicate each
detected failure
– The surveillance system tests
• Components of the “critical signal path “
(sources, amplifiers, cables etc.)
• the power supply
– primary supply [5.3a]
– secondary supply [5.3b]
– battery charger [5.3c]
• failure of protection circuits which may prevent the an
emergency broadcast
– e.g. fuse, circuit breaker, isolator [5.3d]
• control circuits (processor etc.)
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Surveillance (2)
•Failure of elements of the critical signal path
•failure of microphone [5.3e]
–(voice coil, pre-amplifier, wiring)
•failure of the critical signal path through amplifiers [5.3f]
•missing of amplifiers or critical modules [5.3g]
•failure of standby amplifier [5.3h]
•failure of tone generator or message memory [5.3i]
•failure of speaker circuits [5.3j]
– (short circuit, break)
•failure of connection between decentralised systems [5.3 o]
•failure of connection between PA system and emergency detection
system
–usually this surveillance is done by the emergency detection system [5.5]
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Monitoring of the Microphone
• Microphone monitoring methods
– Electrical monitoring :
• Disadvantage: conversion from sound to voltage can not be
monitored, e.g. when the diaphragm is damaged
– Acoustic monitoring
• a sound generator sends an acoustic signal to the capsule
• the acoustic and electric function of the capsule is monitored
 very safe method !
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Monitoring Speaker Circuits (1)
• Methods of Speaker Circuit Surveillance
– (remind that the critical signal path ends at the speaker’s
connector)
– 1. Monitoring with DC current
advantage:
star wiring possible.
disadvantage: speakers must be modified or special speakers
must be used; not suitable for existing speaker
circuits
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Monitoring Speaker Circuits (2)
– 2. Impedance Monitoring (used often)
Signal
+
Test signal
(low frequency)
Advantage:
Impedance
measuring
connection of different 100 volts speakers possible; star
wiring possible; expansion of old systems possible
Disadvantage: Restriction when many speakers are connected on a line: a
line break causing a few speakers to be cut off can not be
detected because practically only high impedance
deviation can be detected correctly (the speakers
impedance can become 30% higher when
the voice coil is hot !)
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Monitoring Speaker Circuits (3)
– 3. Loop Back
Signal
+
Test signal
(high frequency)
Advantage:
Pilot tone detector
connection of different 100 volts speakers
possible; very safe method
Disadvantage: star wiring not possible or difficult (line must be
installed from speaker to speaker); expansion of
old systems complicated when star wiring was
used, line back necessary
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Monitoring Speaker Circuits (4)
– 4. Back Signal on Same Line
end of
line unit
f1f2
Signal
+
Test signal f1
(high frequency)
Advantage:
Pilot tone detector f1, f2
connection of different 100 volts speakers possible,
no line back necessary; very safe method
Disadvantage: star wiring not possible (line must be installed from
speaker to speaker); expansion of old systems
complicated when star wiring was used;
practical problem: installation site of the end of line
unit often not in documents (can not be found)
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Evacuation Message Memory
• Safety Against External Influence
– Pre-recorded messages and eventually attentiondrawing signals
• must be stored in a non-volatile memory (solid state
memory, no mechanical devices) [4.2i]
• availability must be monitored continuously
• external sources shall not be able to corrupt or derange
the store or its contents
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Requirements On
The Installation
Concerning the Installer
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Interface With Emergency
Detection System [5.5]
• Continuous Monitoring
• The communication link between the emergency
detection system and the sound system is normally
monitored by the emergency detection system
• Notifications to the Emergency Detection
System
• The sound system must transfer minimum one fault
information (any failure) to the emergency detection
system
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Security Functions
• Redundant Facilities
– Keeping the Power [4.1m]
• an emergency power supply must be installed always
– Keeping the Broadcast [4.1g]
• “Failure of a single amplifier or loudspeaker circuit shall not
result in total loss of coverage in the loudspeaker area
served.”
– architecture of the speaker circuit
– configuration power amplifiers
• Exception: regional directives for small buildings
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Emergency Power Supply
• Battery’s Capacity [5.6]
• Loss of AC mains at evacuation:
– double evacuation time
– minimum 30 minutes for emergency mode
• Loss of AC mains without evacuation:
– minimum 24 hours (normal operation)
– When a building is not used for a longer period (e.g. weekend),
then the system must be capable to operate the emergency mode
for minimum 30 minutes after re-occupation of the building
(e.g. 72 hours standby plus 30 minutes emergency mode).
– Refer to British Standard BS5839: part 8, for battery capacity
calculation.
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Keeping of Broadcast (1)
• Electric Solution: A/B-Wiring
– Two-Line System
• In case of failure of one line, the other line still serves the
remaining speakers
A
B
A/B-wiring with 2 amplifiers
A/B-wiring with standby amplifier
standby switch
line cut switch
standby amplifier
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Keeping of Broadcast (2)
• Acoustic Solution:
• Connection of speakers by
turns on the lines A and B in
each direction
• In case of a line’s failure,
the speaker area keeps
served adequate (small
gaps of coverage only)
A
Example: corridor
B
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Example: wide area
A
B
Divided Emergency
Speaker Zones
• Emergency Speaker Zones [4.1k]
– Division into areas depending on evacuation method
• responsible: authorities
• Criterias for Division
[4.1l]
– 1) neighbour zones shall not disturb
– 2) maximum one loudspeaker zone per emergency
detection zone
• responsible: authorities, planer
.
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Sound Pressure Level -1• Attention-Drawing
Signals [Annex C]
• minimum: 65 dBA,
in rest areas: 75 dBA
• 6 - 20 dBA above
background noise
• maximum: 120 dBA
• the sound pressure levels
of all relevant areas must
be confirmed and being
documented [7.2 a]
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Sound pressure level
120 dBA
z.B. 100 dBA
z.B. 90 dBA
Max.
Alarm signal level
6 - 20 dBA
Noise level
75 dBA
Quiet level
65 dBA
Min. level
Sound Pressure Level -2Messages
• The standard does not write specific value
for the sound pressure level of the reports.
Instead it prescribes a specific value of the
intelligibility .
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Intelligibility
• Intelligibility of Messages
• The Intelligibility of messages must be equal or higher than 0.7
CIS (common intelligibility scale; STI: 0,5) [5.1]
• This value must be obtained in each area [5.1]
• In a difficult acoustic environment, it is preferable to carry out
an acoustical simulation
• Measuring and Documentation of Intelligibility
•
•
•
•
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Confirmation of intelligibility must be documented [7.2 a]
Application of acknowledged with restrictions [Anhang A]
Correlation curves to CIS in [Annex B]
A specialised company may measure the
intelligibility
Alarm Signals -1• Attention-Drawing Signal
• minimum one suitable attention-drawing signal before message
(refer to EN 457) [4.1 e]
• Distinguishable attention-drawing signals at different emergency
cases [4.1 h]
• Attention-Drawing Signals and Messages
[4.1 h]
• attention-drawing signal before message, 4-10 seconds
• duration of attention-drawing signal and messages until change
or end of evacuation
• max. 30 seconds between different messages
• pauses > 10 seconds: attention-drawing signal
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Alarm Signals -2-
• Pre-recorded messages
• All messages must be clear, short and pre-planned.
• Lenguage
• Buyer should specify the used language(s).
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Documentation -1• Operation Manual
[7.1]
– must be quickly available
(preferable at each operation place)
– Contents:
• practical operation of the system
• action to be taken in case of system failure
– Performance
• graphically if possible
• in preferred language
• bound document (copy)
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Documentation -2-
• System Documentation [7.2a]
– To be kept by User or Maintenance Company
– Contents:
• locations of each part of the devices
• measuring results of the system
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–
–
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Impedance of each speaker circuit
set values (when adjustable, e.g. volume)
sound pressure level(s)
intelligibility
Documentation -3-
•Maintenance Instructions [7.3.2]
–To be kept by User or Maintenance Company
–Contents:
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Maintenance procedures (order of works)
Maintenance intervals
Parts for maintenance, spare parts, special tools
Suppliers
eventually test certificates
Requirements on
the Operation
Concerns the user
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Documentation -4-
•Log Book [7.2b]
• Responsible person must take care on it
–Contents:
• details of all emergency cases
• details of tests and routine checks
• details of occurred failures and the repair
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Security of Operation
• Maintenance
[7.3.1]
• should be done twice a year (maintenance and test)
• to be carried out by competent person
• Responsible person [4.2]
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•
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nominated by owner
is responsible for maintenance
must be trained
manages the log book